A 3-D Interactive Atlas of the Human Mandible and TMJ

描述(由申请人提供)：该项目的目标是开发将产生非常高分辨率的人体解剖结构模型的方案。该项目的目标是实现一定程度的解决，这是直到最近才可能实现的，因为到目前为止，现有技术的局限性。可见人项目(VHP)是第一个使用连续横截面来构建体素模型的演示，然而，尽管VHP是一项里程碑式的努力，但它存在分辨率和分割问题。这些问题是冷冻切割中使用的冷冻过程中固有的问题，暴露的表面不够光滑，无法进行高分辨率成像。需要继续开发各种人体解剖结构的高分辨率模型以添加到数字图像库。这项研究将制定必要的方案，以产生人体解剖学任何部分的高分辨率模型，而不考虑正在研究的标本的总体尺寸。有关样品的数据将通过显微CT扫描和薄截面微磨削来收集。这些数据集将被比较和组合，以开发几种可视化方法。Micro CT扫描分辨率在很大程度上取决于被扫描样本的大小。这个项目将集中在人类下颌骨、颞下颌关节(TMJ)和相关的软组织上。为了处理大体解剖的样本，我们将对样本进行切片，扫描每个分段的切片，然后合并分段扫描。我们将开发软件协议，以准确地将部分缝合在一起，以形成比目前单一扫描整个片段时更高分辨率的更大模型。分割的切片将被嵌入树脂中，为微粉碎和收集2-D轴向切片的数字照片做准备。将采用各种技术来开发准确地保持组织颜色的包埋介质。嵌入的截面将在非常细小的横截面上连续研磨，并拍摄每个横截面。获得的数字摄影数据将被重建为彩色体素模型。这些彩色体素模型随后将被剪辑成一个大的彩色体素模型。所有被检查的方案都将被评估并合并到一个自动化系统中，以产生各种解剖结构的高分辨率体素模型。这项技术与不断增长的计算机能力相结合，为解剖可视化和学习开辟了一个全新的舞台。社会效益和教育效益显著。与多个三维结构相互作用的能力有助于准确和高效地概念化准确的解剖心理模型。其结果将是改善临床结果，并减少出现不良结果的可能性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Aim of this project is to develop protocols that will produce very high-resolution models of human anatomical structures. This project Aims to achieve a degree of resolution that has not been possible until recently because of the limitations of technology available so far. The Visible Human Project (VHP) was the first demonstration of the use of serial cross sections to build voxel models, however, while the VHP represents a landmark effort, it suffers from resolution and segmentation problems. These problems are inherent in the freezing process used in the cryosectioning The exposed surfaces are not smooth enough for high-resolution imaging. There is a need for continued development of high-resolution models of various human anatomical structures to add to the digital-image library. This study will develop the protocols necessary to produce high-resolution models of any part of the human anatomy regardless of the gross size of the specimen under study. Data on specimens will be collected from micro CT scans and thin cross section microgrinding. These data sets will be compared and combined to develop several methods of visualization. Micro CT scan resolution is largely dependent on the size of the sample being scanned. This project will focus on the human mandible, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the associated soft tissues. To process a sample of large gross anatomy, we will section the sample, scan each segmented section and then combine the segmented scans. We will develop software protocols to accurately stitch the sections together to form larger models with higher resolution than is currently possible when a single scan of the whole segment is taken. The segmented sections will be embedded in a resin in preparation for microgrinding and collection of digital photographs of the 2-D axial slices. Various techniques will be employed in order to develop an embedding medium that maintains tissue color accurately. The embedded sections will be serially ground in very fine cross section and each cross section photographed. The digital photographic data obtained will be reconstructed into color voxel models. These color voxel models will then be montaged into one large color voxel model. All of the examined protocols will be evaluated and combined into an automated system to produce high-resolution voxel models of various anatomical structures. This technology, combined with the ever-increasing power of computers, opens up an entirely new arena for anatomical visualization and learning. The societal and educational benefits are significant. The ability to interact with multiple three-dimensional structures contributes to the accuracy and efficiency of conceptualizing accurate anatomical mental models. The result will be improved clinical outcomes and a reduction in the potential for untoward results.