Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Women

描述（由申请人提供）：失眠是一种常见的疾病， 很少有女性会和她们的医疗服务提供者讨论。在这份资助申请中，我们 建议利用两项大型前瞻性研究， 年龄在37-85岁的女性，检查尿失禁的流行病学 (UI)在不同的年龄组。虽然平价是一个既定的预测因素， 失禁，生殖特征的详细数据很少， 关于其他危险因素的大型前瞻性流行病学研究很少; 特别地，由于生活方式可能由于失禁而改变， 识别和确认前瞻性数据中的关联至关重要， 原因和结果不会被挪用。我们计划前瞻性地研究 生殖特征、体重和体力活动的关系， 和激素因素对UI的发病率，对不同类型的UI（冲动， 压力，或混合性尿失禁），其严重程度，其进展，并以其 对妇女日常生活的影响。 调查将利用护士健康研究和护士 健康研究II，对121 701和116 678名女护士进行的观察性研究， 分别通过两年一次的邮寄问卷收集大量数据 （自1976年以来为NHS和自1989年以来为NHSII）关于生活方式和许多 疾病这包括更新的生殖信息，体重， 运动习惯、更年期、外源性激素使用等诸多项目。 有关尿失禁的详细信息将通过全面的 向所有报告主动脉泄漏的妇女发放补充调查问卷 问卷调查;这将引出有关失禁类型、治疗和 失禁的困扰或限制程度。 基于 NHS的初步数据显示，33.8%的尿失禁患病率与 其他群体报告的，和3.2%的四年发病率， 与现有的几项随访研究相当。这些相似之处 表明护士参与者准确地报告了尿失禁， 数据可推广到其他人群。NHS和NHSII都有 保持了极高的参与率（迄今为止，两项研究的参与率均超过909%）。 这两个现有的队列提供了一个具有成本效益的基础， UI的前瞻性研究，可以更好地了解 用户界面，以及预防策略的确定。此外该 建立这些研究尿失禁的队列将使未来 许多其他问题的调查，如饮食的影响和各种 生活习惯

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Incontinence is a common condition that few women discuss with their medical provider. In this grant application, we propose to capitalize on the availability of two large prospective studies of women aged 37-85 years, to examine the epidemiology of urinary incontinence (UI) across varying age groups. Although parity is an established predictor of incontinence, detailed data on reproductive characteristics are sparse, and large prospective epidemiologic studies on additional risk factors are rare; in particular, since lifestyle may change as a result of incontinence, it is essential to identify and confirm associations in prospective data so that cause and effect are not misappropriated. We plan to examine prospectively the relation of reproductive characteristics, body weight and physical activity, and hormonal factors to the incidence of UI, to different types of UI (urge, stress, or mixed incontinence), to its severity, its progression, and to its impact on women s daily lives. The investigation will utilize the Nurses Health Study and the Nurses Health Study II, observational studies of 121,701 and 116.678 female nurses, respectively. Extensive data are collected via biennial, mailed questionnaires (since 1976 for NHS and since 1989 for NHSII) regarding lifestyle and numerous diseases. This includes updated reproductive information, body weight, exercise habits, menopause, exogenous hormone use, and many other items. Details regarding incontinence will be established via a comprehensive supplementary questionnaire to all women who report leaking on the main questionnaires; this will elicit data on type of incontinence, treatment, and extent to which the incontinence is bothersome or restrictive. Based on preliminary data from NHS, the 33.8% prevalence of incontinence is similar to that reported by other groups, and the 3.2% four-year incidence rate is comparable to that in the few existing follow-up studies. These similarities indicate the nurse participants report incontinence accurately and that our data are generalizable to other populations. Both NHS and NHSII have maintained extremely high participation (over 909~ in both studies to date). These two existing cohorts provide a cost-efficient basis for conducting a prospective study of UI, allowing better understanding of the epidemiology of UI, and identification of preventive strategies. In addition, the establishment of these cohorts for studying incontinence will allow future investigations of many other issues, such as the effect of diet and various lifestyle habits.