A determination of the potential for behavioural and experimental economics to enhance climate change mitigation policy.

科学家、世界领导人和大多数人的普遍共识是，我们的气候正在发生变化。联合国在2018年警告说，我们只有12年的时间来限制气候变化灾难，以减少极端天气和贫困的风险。关于应对气候变化的最佳方法，人们提出了许多问题，在时间紧迫的情况下，给出正确答案至关重要。环境经济学家可以告诉我们为什么国际气候协议往往不起作用。这是一种激励，每个国家都可以免费搭乘其他国家为减缓气候变化所做的贡献（巴雷特，2003）。我们还没有看到与《京都议定书》和《巴黎协定》不同的协议，它们的设计恰当地引导各国加大环保力度。可以说，找到可持续合作平衡的关键是在这些协议中引入行为“助推”，并利用行为偏见为自己谋利。“助推”的概念和行为经济学这门学科是由2017年诺贝尔奖得主理查德·塞勒（Richard Thaler）提出的。由于我们有证据表明行为偏见破坏了气候政策的有效性（Safarzynska, 2017），气候协议必须将其作为紧急事项纳入其中。我的研究将为这种结合提供基础。

The general consensus amongst scientists, world leaders, and the majority of the population is thatour climate is changing. The UN warned in 2018 that we only have 12 years to limit the climatechange catastrophe (IPCC, 2018), to cut the risk of extreme weather and poverty. Questions arebeing asked as to the best methods of tackling climate change, and given the ticking clock, it is vitalwe deliver the right answers.Environmental economists can tell us why international climate agreements often don't work. It isthe incentive each country has too free ride on the contributions other countries make to mitigateclimate change (Barrett, 2003). We are yet to see agreements unlike the Kyoto Protocol and theParis Agreement that are designed appropriately to induce countries to increase theirenvironmental efforts. Arguably, the key to finding a sustainable cooperative equilibrium is tointroduce behavioural 'nudges' into these agreements and use behavioural biases to our advantage.The concept of 'nudges' and the discipline behavioural economics was advanced notably by 2017Nobel Prize winner, Richard Thaler. Since we have evidence of behavioural biases undermining theeffectiveness of climate policy (Safarzynska, 2017), climate agreements must be incorporating thisas a matter of urgency. My research will provide foundations for this incorporation.