The Ideological Crisis of French Socialism, 1930 - 1950

二十世纪中叶是法国社会主义历史上的一个关键时期。法国社会党社会党（SFIO）面临着经济危机、法西斯主义和共产主义的兴起、执政困难以及纳粹占领。这些动荡不仅给社会主义运动带来了严重的政治挑战，而且还迫使法国社会主义思想家重新考虑他们对世界的理解，以及他们自己的项目。我的研究使用语境主义思想史来重建这一时期法国社会主义充满活力的知识分子生活，并探索其中发生的关键意识形态辩论。我特别强调了创新修正主义思潮，如“新社会主义”和“计划主义”，在塑造SFIO内部直至整个人民阵线时期的辩论中所起的作用。我将进一步研究这些辩论是如何在1940年后被社会主义者的各种失败、占领、抵抗、合作、流放和解放的经历所改变的，以及修正主义是如何在战后早期被党断然拒绝的。

The mid-twentieth century was a critical period in the history of French socialism. France's socialist party, the SFIO, was confronted by economic crisis, the rise of fascism and communism, the difficulties of holding government power, and a Nazi occupation. Not only did these upheavals present serious political challenges to the socialist movement, but they also forced French socialist thinkers to reconsider their understanding of the world, and of their own project. My research uses contextualist intellectual history to reconstruct the vibrant intellectual life of French socialism during this period, and to explore the key ideological debates occurring within it. In particular, I highlight the role played by innovative revisionist currents, such as 'neo-socialism' and 'planisme', in shaping debate within the SFIO up to and throughout the Popular Front period. I will be further examining how these debates were transformed after 1940 by socialists' various experiences of defeat, occupation, resistance, collaboration, exile, and the liberation, and how revisionism ultimately came to be definitively rejected by the party in the early post-war years.