Infant-Mother Negotiation of Motor Risk

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的总体目标是促进对婴儿体重的理解，并整合感知和社会信息，以做出有关行动的决定。我们在潜在危险的运动任务的背景下解决这个问题，其中有关行动的决定对婴儿的安全有实际影响。项目1的目的是研究母亲主动提供的社会信息、婴儿的运动经验以及婴儿在新运动任务中运动决策的相对风险程度的影响。在实验室的交叉实验中。8-从婴儿到18个月大的爬行和行走的婴儿，将科普穿越安全和危险的斜坡和间隙，而母亲则改变其社会信息的内容（鼓励，劝阻）。项目2的目的是研究婴儿的运动经验和相对危险程度对婴儿寻求母亲支持的影响。同样，不同年龄和运动能力的婴儿将科普穿越安全和危险的斜坡和间隙，这一次，当他们的母亲在场，但不可用。项目3的目的是绘制婴儿-母亲谈判的微观遗传轨迹，因为母亲帮助婴儿掌握新的，潜在的危险运动任务。母亲们会教11到18个月大的婴儿在反复访问实验室时从一个高台上下来。在这个实验室模拟日常的潜在风险的二元谈判中，婴儿和母亲可以自由地科普他们喜欢的任务。培训结束时的迁移测试将评估二人组的谈判是否针对特定任务。详细的顺序分析编织通过项目2和3，以测试在时间上展开的二人组的谈判跨越真实的和发展的时间。这些研究测试了可能影响婴儿何时成为各种信息来源的使用者和寻求者的发展和情境因素，以及母亲是否以及如何将其沟通与婴儿的学习和发展水平相协调。在这一领域的研究进展有望照亮的二元谈判的性质不断变化的婴儿掌握新的技能，并在婴儿期预防事故和促进技能的获取有实际应用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this research is to advance understanding of how infants weigh and integrate perceptual and social information for making decisions about action. We address this problem in the context of potentially risky motor tasks, where decisions about action have practical consequences for infants' safety. The aim of Project 1 is to examine the effects of mothers' unsolicited social messages, infants' motor experience, and the relative degree of risk on infants' motor decisions in novel locomotor tasks. In a cross-sectional laboratory experiment. 8- to 18-month old crawling and walking infants from will cope with traversing safe and risky slopes and gaps while mothers vary the content of their social messages (encourage, discourage). The aim of Project 2 is to examine the effects of infants' motor experience and the relative degree of risk on infants' solicitation of maternal support. Again, infants of varying ages and locomotor abilities will cope with traversing safe and risky slopes and gaps, this time while their mothers are present but unavailable. The aim of Project 3 is to chart the microgenetic trajectory of infant-mother negotiations as mothers help their infants to master new, potentially risky locomotor tasks. Mothers will teach their 11- to 18-month-old infants to descend from a high platform during repeated visits to the laboratory. In this laboratory analogue of everyday dyadic negotiation of potential risk, infants and mothers are free to cope with the task as they like. Transfer tests at the end of training will assess whether dyads' negotiations are task-specific. Detailed sequential analyses are woven through Projects 2 and 3 to test for regularities in the temporal unfolding of dyads' negotiations across real and developmental time. The studies test developmental and situational factors that may affect when infants are users and seekers of various sources of information, and whether and how closely mothers attune their communications to infants' level of learning and development. Progress in this area of research promises to illuminate the changing nature of dyadic negotiations as infants master new skills and has practical applications for preventing accidents and promoting skill acquisition in infancy.