Diamond-based radiation sensor array for real-time mapping/location of Tritium in a nuclear fusion reactor gas system

聚变核能作为一种清洁紧凑的能源，被认为是未来能源发电的方向。为实现这一目标，已经开展了若干项目，开发技术诀窍，以实现未来商业核聚变反应堆的技术。其中包括JET、CCFE、ITER和STEP。核聚变过程的一个组成部分是处理、分离和储存由氢、氢和氚组成的聚变反应堆气体。英国正在通过资助H3AT氚处理设施来引领聚变反应堆气体管理技术。这个GB 40M项目将成为2020年代中期热核实验堆聚变反应堆项目所用工艺的试验场。尽管英国在运营托卡马克喷气式飞机多年后在UKAEA Culham积累了氚处理方面的专业知识，但目前还没有技术可以用来监测天然气处理和输送网络的不同部分中是否存在氚。该项目提议开发一种钻石基辐射探测器，该探测器对氚-贝塔衰变辐射具有更高的灵敏度，将在天然气管道系统沿线的一系列阵列中部署。将来自这些探测器阵列的数据与其他现有探测器相结合，将能够提供氚贝塔辐射和氚浓度的实时映射。该探测器将基于布里斯托尔大学开发的钻石辐射探测器，该探测器已部署在英国和日本的许多核设施中。成功的候选人将把大约50%的时间花在布里斯托尔大学，在那里他们将接受进行同位素钻石合成、表征、装置模拟和制造的培训，而其余50%的时间将花在英国原子能机构库勒姆的氚工程和科学小组，在那里他们将接受培训，使用主动处理设施来评估钻石氚探测器，并测试不同的部署策略

Fusion nuclear energy is posed to be the future of energy generation as a clean and compact energy source. Working towards that end there are a number of projects already in place developing the knowhow towards the technical realisation of a future commercial nuclear fusion reactors. Among these are JET, CCFE, ITER and STEP. An integral part of the nuclear fusion process is the processing, separation and storage of the fusion reactor gasses composed of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium. The UK is spearheading the technology of fusion reactor gas management through the funding of the H3AT Tritium handling facility. This £40M project will be the testing ground for the processes to be used in the ITER fusion reactor project in the mid2020s. Even though the UK already has expertise in Tritium handling built up over many years of operating JET Tokamak at UKAEA Culham, there is no technology at present that can be used to monitor the presence of Tritium in the different parts of the gas handling and delivery network. This project proposes the development of a diamond-based radiation detector with an enhanced sensitivity for Tritium beta decay radiation, which would be deployed in a series of arrays along a gas pipe system. The integration of the data from these detector arrays with other existing detectors would be able to provide a real-time mapping of the tritium beta radiation and the concentration of Tritium. This detector would be based on the diamond-based radiation detector developed at the University of Bristol that has been deployed in a number of nuclear sites in the UK and Japan. The successful candidate will spend approximately 50% of their time based at the University of Bristol where they will be trained to perform isotopic diamond synthesis, characterisation, device simulation and fabrication, while the remaining 50% will be spent at UKAEA Culham, in the Tritium Engineering and Science Group, where they will be trained to use active handling facilities for use in the evaluation of diamond tritium detectors, and to test different deployment strategies