Neural and Behavioral Mechanisms of Distractor Exclusion

说明（由申请人提供）：视觉选择性注意力至关重要 这是一种补偿我们处理多种刺激的有限能力的方法， 一次性观察者可以偏向他们对视觉世界的感知， 对场景的某些元素进行全面分析，而将其他元素放在一边。而 在描述空间和时间方面取得了重大进展， 这种能力的参数（即何时何地空间选择是可能的）， 在理解空间选择是如何 完成了该提案的总体目标是提供对 调节视觉处理变化的特定机制， 在视觉选择过程中观察到。 这项拟议的研究调查了一个以前未发现的组成部分， 注意力控制，导致分心物排除水平增加， 可能会受到干扰。此前的研究表明，当 刺激显示包含高水平的视觉噪声，然后空间选择 效果扩大。该提案的关键见解是， 选择效率的提高是自上而下的变化的结果， 注意力控制，而不是完全由显示驱动。本 研究的目的是了解这一认知和神经基础， 内源性干扰排除机制。此外，我们的工作将 解决注意力控制的整体架构，通过比较 两种形式的注意力控制的行为和神经特征： 内源性抑制视觉噪音，自上而下的抑制 反应冲突。通过加强我们对自上而下选择的理解， 视觉空间和反应映射范式，拟议的研究将 为建立统一的行政管理模式的最终目标做出贡献 处理.

DECRIPTION (provided by the applicant): Visual selective attention is a crucial means of compensating for our limited ability to process multiple stimuli at one time. Observers can bias their perception of the visual world, selecting certain elements of a scene for full analysis while leaving others aside. While significant progress has been made in describing the spatial and temporal parameters of this ability (i.e. when and where spatial selection is possible), there has been less progress in understanding exactly how spatial selection is accomplished. The broad goal of this proposal is to provide insight into the specific mechanisms that mediate the changes in visual processing that are observed during visual selection. The proposed research investigates a previously undiscovered component of attentional control that causes increased levels of distractor exclusion when interference from distractors is likely. Previous research has shown that when stimulus displays contain high levels of visual noise, then spatial selection effects are enlarged. The key insight in this proposal is that some of these increases in selection efficiency are a result of changes in top-down attentional control, rather than being entirely display-driven. The present research is designed to understand the cognitive and neural basis of this mechanism of endogenous distractor exclusion. In addition, our work will address the overall architecture of attentional control, by comparing the behavioral and neural signatures of two forms of attentional control: the endogenous suppression of visual noise, and the top-down suppression of response conflict. By enhancing our understanding of top-down selection in visuospatial and response-mapping paradigms, the proposed research will contribute towards the ultimate goal of creating a unified model of executive processing.