Internalization of Moral Standards in Young Children

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）该项目的总体 目的是阐明非常年幼的儿童如何内化规则， 价值观和行为标准。因此，重点是早期发展 良心，这被视为一个日益复杂的系统，包括 道德情感，行为自我调节，道德理解，道德 self.良心是在一个复杂的相互作用的过程中发展起来的， 儿童的早期气质特征及其与气质的关系 照顾者对100名儿童进行了为期5年的纵向研究， 父母，从7到52个月，有5个目标。(1)审查的作用 一个紧密的，积极的，相互回应的方向，在一些发展 （2）父母与子女的二元关系，促进儿童良心的早期发展; 研究儿童气质在良心发展中的作用， 单独和在与早期关系的相互作用，（3）探索 亲子间关于孩子过去行为的话语是一个重要的语境 （4）了解父母的人格对道德社会化的影响 影响儿童良心的发展;（5）早期探索 早期家庭融合网络背景下的良心发展 关系。 这项研究汇集了关于情绪，气质， 关系，社会化，亲子对话，自传体记忆， 家庭的生态。它采用不同的行为观察， 自然主义的背景，多个标准的实验室范式，父母的 评分以及父母和孩子的自我报告。措施汇总在 多个水平以产生稳健的构建体。分析阐明了因果关系 负责结构（中介）和多个 因果途径（适度）使用结构方程模型。的承诺 这一研究既有概念性，又有实践性。它会清晰地表达出来， 完善早期良知的综合理论模型，一个中心的 社会化理论建构。良心作为一种有效的 内部行为指南是心理健康重要组成部分， 良心不安标志着反社会的发展轨迹。通过 阐明适应性和适应不良的早期发育途径，这项工作 将加强对早期发育风险性质的理解， 它将为可能有助于抵消这些风险的有效干预措施提供信息。

DESCRIPTION: (adapted from investigator's abstract) This project's overarching objective is to elucidate how very young children come to internalize rules, values, and standards of behavior. Thus, the focus is on the early development of conscience, which is seen as an increasingly complex system that encompasses moral emotions, behavioral self-regulation, moral understanding, and the moral self. Conscience develops in the process of an intricate interplay between children's early temperamental characteristics and their relationships with the caregivers. The 5-year longitudinal study of 100 children and both of their parents, followed from 7 to 52 months, has 5 goals. (1) To examine the role of a close, positive, mutually responsive orientation evolving in some parent-child dyads for the early development of children's conscience, (2) To examine the role of children's temperament in the development of conscience, alone and in the interplay with early relationships, (3) To explore parent-child discourse about the child's past behavior as an important context for moral socialization, (4) To understand how parents' personality may influence the development of children's conscience, and (5) To explore early conscience development in the context of the network of integrated early family relationships. This research brings together literatures on emotions, temperament, relationships, socialization, parent-child discourse, autobiographical memory, and ecology of the family. It employs behavioral observations in diverse naturalistic contexts, multiple standard laboratory paradigms, parents' ratings, and parents' and children's self-reports. Measures are aggregated at multiple levels to produce robust constructs. The analyses elucidate causal mechanisms responsible for links among the constructs (mediation) and multiple causal pathways (moderation) using structural equations modeling. The promise of this research is both conceptual and practical. It will articulate and refine a comprehensive theoretical model of early conscience, a central construct in socialization theories. Conscience that serves as an effective internal guide of conduct is a critical component of mental health, and disturbances of conscience mark antisocial developmental trajectories. By elucidating adaptive and maladaptive early developmental pathways, this work will enhance the understanding of the nature of early developmental risks, and it will inform effective interventions that may help offset those risks.