DYNAMIC MACAQUE BASAL GANGLIA SACCADE NETWORKS

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：基底神经节已被 强烈暗示在控制扫视眼球运动的基础上， 临床和实验研究。眼部缺陷发生在 锥体外系障碍，如帕金森病和亨廷顿病，和 纹状体和其它基底神经节核的损伤或失活可 在实验上产生这样的缺陷。纹状体的眼区是 位于尾状核的中心这个核投射到黑质， 网状部（SNr），其又投射到上级丘。 有证据表明，这一电路是一个释放电路扫视。的 用常规单台装置对眼丘带进行了深入研究 在高度过度训练的猕猴中记录方法。的结果予以 实验表明尾状核眼区的单个单位 核具有类似于扫视相关区域的响应特性 额叶皮层，包括额叶眼场（FEF），补充 视野（SEF）和背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）。这些包括 视觉引导和记忆引导任务以及连续眼跳中的反应 任务然而，目前还不清楚， 纹状体眼区眼跳相关神经元（OMZ-S），或其 皮质-基底神经节环与FEF、SEF和DLPFC。也不知道是怎么回事 活动在眼区及其相关的皮质环中被调节 当猴子获得程序学习任务时，行为被认为是一个核心， 基底神经节的功能。我们假设，在学习神经元的过程中， 纹状体的眼区会逐渐显示出更多的任务相关性 活动，并在过度训练期间人口水平编码将 出现在这个视神经区。我们进一步假设， 协调的活动模式将出现在皮质-基底神经节回路中 在学习过程中，这些将使用慢性多单位检测 记录方法。我们提出了基于初步研究的实验， 从最初天真的猕猴中记录1-2周的慢性发作，因为它们 学习程序性扫视任务。使用多个四极管、立体电极和 传统的电极，我们建议研究多单位的神经活动， 在采集过程中纹状体的眼区（目的1），以研究 在性能期间，眼科区域的功能性本地网络架构 (Aim 2），并研究皮质基底神经节环的活动，同时 在纹状体的眼区的合奏录音连同 FEF、SEF和DLPFC（目标3）。所获得的结果将对 了解前脑眼神经控制回路， 锥体外系疾病中的眼部缺陷。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The basal ganglia have been strongly implicated in the control of saccadic eye movements on the basis of clinical and experimental studies. Oculomotor defects occur in patients with extrapyramidal disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, and lesions or inactivation of the striatum and other basal ganglia nuclei can produce such defects experimentally. The oculomotor zone of the striatum is centered in the caudate nucleus. This nucleus projects to the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNr), which in turn projects to the superior colliculus. Evidence suggests that this circuit is a release circuit for saccades. The oculomotor zone has been investigated intensively with conventional single unit recording methods in highly over-trained macaques. The results of these experiments suggest that single units in the oculomotor zone of the caudate nucleus have response properties that resemble those in saccade-related regions of the frontal cortex, including the frontal eye field (FEF), the supplementary eye field (SEF) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These include responses in visually guided and memory-guided tasks and in sequential saccade tasks. Nothing is yet known, however, about the ensemble activity of saccade-related neurons in the oculomotor zone of the striatum (OMZ-S), or its cortico-basal ganglia loops with the FEF, SEF and DLPFC. Nor is it known how activity is modulated in the oculomotor zone and its associated cortical loops as monkeys acquire procedural learning tasks, behavior thought to be a core function of the basal ganglia. We hypothesize that during learning neurons in the oculomotor zone of the striatum will show progressively more task-related activity and that during the overtraining period population-level coding will emerge in this oculomotor zone. We further hypothesize that temporally coordinated patterns of activity will emerge in cortico-basal ganglia loops during learning and that these will be detectable using chronic multi-unit recording methods. We propose experiments based on preliminary studies to record chronically in 1-2 week bouts from initially naive macaques as they learn procedural saccade tasks. Using multiple tetrodes, stereotrodes and conventional electrodes, we Propose to study multi-unit neural activity in the oculomotor zone of the striatum during acquisition (Aim 1), to study the functional local network architecture of the oculomotor zone during performance (Aim 2), and to study activity in cortico-basal ganglia loops with simultaneous ensemble recordings in the oculomotor zone of the striatum together with the FEF, SEF and DLPFC (Aim 3). The results obtained will have significance for understanding forebrain oculomotor control circuits and for understanding oculomotor defects in extrapyramidal disorders.