Disparity Processing in Sensory and Motor Functions

描述(由申请人提供)：这项建议调查了眼跳视线转移对双眼视差提示的表面倾斜感觉施加的潜在好处和限制。斜视是基于几种视网膜和视网膜外的线索。视网膜提示包括水平和垂直视差模式和视网膜偏心。视网膜外线索包括有关版本和会聚眼位的信息。它们的不确定性或噪声水平限制了这些线索被呈现的准确性。与视网膜线索相关的不确定性因视网膜图像位置的不同而不同。当目标在中心凹高分辨率区域附近成像时，可以毫不费力地感觉到表面倾斜。当目标在外围成像时，倾斜度更难估计，例如，当比较分散的目标的倾斜度时，一次只能在中心凹上成像一个目标。目光的转移可以在几个方面促进倾斜的解决方案。他们可以通过在星座附近的中心凹上顺序成像来提高对分布广泛的目标的视网膜信号的分辨率。它们还可以为目标的距离和方向提供视网膜外信号，用于感知表面相对于头部的倾斜。然而，如果凝视转移期间关于版本和聚焦度的眼球运动的不确定性大于垂直视差模式和用静止眼睛观察的外围目标的视网膜图像位置的不确定性，那么眼球运动也可能限制倾斜分辨率。眼球运动还可以通过缩短观看持续时间和在连续观看的刺激之间引入时间延迟来引入对倾斜辨别的时间限制。这项提案调查了视觉、感觉和运动系统如何使用扫视凝视转移来减少各种噪声源并提高斜视视网膜视差提示的质量。这种降噪应该会扩大高分辨率立体倾斜感知的空间范围。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal investigates the potential benefits and limitations imposed by saccadic gaze shifts on surface slant perception, sensed with binocular disparity cues. Slant percepts are based on several retinal and extra-retinal cues. Retinal cues include horizontal and vertical disparity patterns and retinal eccentricity. Extra-retinal cues include information about version and vergence eye position. Their uncertainty or noise levels limit the accuracy with which these cues are represented. The amount of uncertainty associated with retinal cues varies with retinal image locus. Surface slant is sensed effortlessly when targets are imaged near the high-resolution region of the fovea. Slant is more difficult to estimate when targets are imaged in the periphery such as when comparing slant of widely separated targets and only one target can be imaged on the fovea at a time. Gaze shifts could facilitate slant resolution in several ways. They could improve resolution of retinal cues of widely spaced targets by imaging them sequentially on the fovea near the horopter. They could also provide extra-retinal signals for distance and direction of targets that are used to sense surface slant relative to the head. However, eye movements might also limit slant resolution if uncertainty about version and vergence eye movements during gaze shifts was greater than uncertainty of vertical disparity patterns and retinal image position of targets viewed peripherally with a stationary eye. Eye movements could also introduce temporal limitations for slant discrimination by shortening viewing duration, and introducing time delays between sequentially viewed stimuli. This proposal investigates how the visual sensory and motor systems interact using saccadic gaze shifts to reduce various sources of noise and improve the quality of retinal disparity cues for slant. This noise reduction should expand the spatial range of high-resolution stereo-slant perception.