One Health Aquaculture: Healthy Food, Healthy Animals, Healthy Ecosystems

在全球范围内，水产养殖每年生产7000多万吨鱼，估计价值为1600亿美元，在过去30年中增加了5倍，预计到2025年将占全球渔业的40%（按吨位计算）（http：//www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf）。虽然，富含油性鱼类和海鲜的饮食对人类健康的益处已经得到了很好的宣传，但最近的海鲜情报透明度报告（http：//www.seafoods.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Top-16-Organisations-Comparency-Synoptic-Table-Oct-13-2016.jpg）强调了一系列环境，社会和社会领域缺乏知识的影响。这些领域涉及能源和温室气体排放、生物多样性和生态系统功能废物以及水消费。英国是欧盟第二大水产养殖生产国，因为它拥有庞大的大西洋鲑鱼产业，也是向欧盟其他地区出口鲑鱼的主要国家，在英国，消费者对动物福利，病虫害管理的关注也越来越多。这个博士将侧重于量化苏格兰水产养殖生产系统在农业实践的环境，生态和动物健康影响方面的影响。具体而言，它将：1。回顾和综合有关上述影响的知识，以及它们如何受到鲑鱼和贝类养殖实践的影响2。对苏格兰生产商进行案例研究评估3。与苏格兰农民和供应链参与者共同设计和开发一个决策支持系统，以评估影响4。确定环境和动物健康与福利方面的最佳实践。英国水产养殖供应链需要能够理解、报告和改善水产养殖和与上述问题相关的上游流程的可持续性。这将有助于在“农场”一级确定目前不可持续的做法，也将有助于向消费者提供透明的报告，并为政策提供关于良好和不良做法的证据，为英国和海外的政策和法规提供信息。对环境影响的深入了解将意味着在苏格兰海洛克斯等可能受到威胁的地区，水产养殖的社会许可证将更容易维持。

Globally, aquaculture produces more than 70 million tonnes of fish per annum, with an estimated value of $160billion and has increased 5-fold over the last 30 years and is predicted to be 40% of global fisheries (by tonnage) by 2025 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf). While, the human health benefits of a diet rich in oily fish and seafood have been well publicised, a recent Seafood Intelligence transparency report (http://www.seafoodintell.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Top-16-Organisations-Transparency-Synoptic-Table-Oct-13-2016.jpg) highlights a range of environmental, social, and societal areas in which knowledge is lacking in terms of impacts. These areas concern energy and GHG emissions, biodiversity and ecosystem function waste, and water consumption. The UK is the second largest aquaculture producer in the EU, on account of its large Atlantic salmon industry, and is also a major exporter of salmon to the rest of the EU, and in the UK there is also growing consumer concern over animal welfare, pest & disease management. This PhD will focus on quantifying the impact of Scottish Aquaculture production systems in terms of the environmental, ecological and animal health impacts of farming practices. Specifically, it will:1. Review and synthesise knowledge about the above impacts and how they are affected by farming practice for salmonids and shellfish2. Conduct case study assessments on Scottish producers3. Co-design and develop, with and for Scottish farmers and supply chain actors, a decision support system to assess impacts4. Identify best practices with respect to environmental and animal health and welfare.The UK-based aquaculture supply chain needs to be able to understand, report, and improve on the sustainability of aquaculture farming and related upstream processes in relation to the above issues. This will enable the identification of currently unsustainable practices at "farm" level and will also allow the transparent reporting to consumers and to provide policy with evidence on good and bad practices to inform policy and regulation in the UK and overseas. Robust understanding of the environmental impacts will mean that social licence for aquaculture will be easier to maintain in potentially threatened areas such as Scottish sea lochs.