Insecticide resistance in Africa Malaria mosquitoes

描述(申请人提供)：南非和莫桑比克南部的疟疾病媒控制问题最近已成为一个严重问题。复合因素包括以下几个方面。1)莫桑比克将不允许使用滴滴涕进行室内喷洒，因此不会实现媒介物种和蚊子的100%根除。由于其对替代杀虫剂的抗药性而引起的。2)在南非，由于全球环境压力，当地社区反对由于滴滴涕对耐药虫子的兴奋作用以及房屋墙壁上社会不能接受的残留痕迹而导致床虱活动增加，因此停止了用于房屋喷洒的滴滴涕。通过引入拟除虫菊酯喷雾，克服了这一点。到2000年夏末，南非经历了50多年来最严重的疟疾流行，滴滴涕重新被引入。3)按蚊种群对滴滴涕产生了新的抗性。夸祖鲁/纳塔尔北部的阿拉比虫可能会加速用拟除虫菊酯等其他杀虫剂取代滴滴涕。因此，开发高选择性、高灵敏度、易使用的拟除虫菊酯抗性酶检测方法势在必行。迫切需要这些检测方法来评估AN的耐药性程度。Funestus和An.并提供关于抗药性管理的最适当杀虫处理的信息。加州大学戴维斯分校的研究小组开发了一系列酶中介抗药性的新型报告，已成功用于检测库蚊的抗药性。这项研究的总体目标是在非洲媒介和敏感株上测试这些检测方法。Funestus和An.阿拉伯人被安置在VCRU。因此，我们提出以下具体目标： 1.采用加州大学戴维斯分校开发的酶介导拟除虫菊酯抗性检测方法，检测复合库蚊对蚊虫的抗性。Funestus菌落和野生拟除虫菊酯耐受按蚊。阿拉伯。 评价新型快速、灵敏的蚊虫拟除虫菊酯选择性酯酶荧光检测方法。 B.评价蚊子P450混合功能氧化酶的灵敏荧光检测方法。 2.将这些技术转让给VCRU并进行有限的现场试验，以便产生初步数据，从而能够开发完整的R01应用程序。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The problem of malaria vector control in South Africa and southern Mozambique has recently become a serious issue. Compounding factors include the following. 1) Mozambique will not allow the use of DDT for house spraying and therefore will not achieve 100% eradication of the vector species An. funestus because of its resistance to the alternative insecticides. 2) DDT for house spraying was discontinued in South Africa because of global environmental pressure and because of objections raised by local communities to increased bed bug activity resulting from excitatory effects of DDT on the resistant bugs and to socially unacceptable residue marks on the walls of the houses. This was overcome by the introduction of pyrethroid spraying. By the end of summer 2000, South Africa had experienced its worst malaria epidemic for over 50 years and DDT was reintroduced. 3) Newly arisen resistance to DDT within populations of An. arabiensis in northern Kwazulu/Natal will likely accelerate replacement of DDT with other insecticides such as pyrethroids. As a result of the above, it is imperative that highly selective and sensitive, yet easy to use enzyme assays for pyrethroid-mediated resistance are developed. These assays are urgently needed to assess the extent of resistance in An. funestus and An. arabiensis and provide information on the most appropriate insecticidal treatment for resistance management. Research groups at the University of California at Davis have developed a series of novel reporters of enzyme-mediate resistance that have successfully been used in examining resistance in Culex mosquitoes. The overall objective of this study is to test these assays on resistant and susceptible strains of the African vectors An. funestus and An. arabiensis housed at the VCRU. We therefore propose the following specific objectives: 1. Adapt assays developed by UC Davis for the detection of enzyme-mediated pyrethroid resistance in Culex complex mosquitoes to An. funestus colonies and wild pyrethroid tolerant An. arabiensis. Evaluate novel rapid and sensitive fluorescent assays for mosquito pyrethroid selective esterase. B. Evaluate sensitive fluorescent assays for mosquito P450 mixed function oxidases. 2. Transfer these technologies to the VCRU and perform limited field trials in order to generate preliminary data that will enable the development of a full R01 application.