Infant-Mother Negotiation of Motor Risk

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的总体目标是促进对婴儿如何权衡和整合感知和社会信息以做出行动决策的理解。我们在潜在危险的运动任务的背景下解决这个问题，其中关于行动的决定对婴儿的安全有实际的后果。项目1的目的是检查母亲主动提供的社交信息、婴儿的运动经验以及相对风险程度对婴儿在新运动任务中的运动决策的影响。在横断面实验室实验中。8- 18个月大的会爬会走的婴儿将会应付穿越安全和危险的斜坡和缝隙，而母亲们则会改变社交信息的内容（鼓励或劝阻）。项目2的目的是研究婴儿运动经验和相对风险程度对婴儿请求母亲支持的影响。同样，不同年龄和运动能力的婴儿将应对穿越安全和危险的斜坡和缝隙，这一次他们的母亲在场，但不能。项目3的目的是绘制婴儿-母亲谈判的微遗传轨迹，因为母亲帮助婴儿掌握新的，有潜在风险的运动任务。母亲们会教11到18个月大的婴儿在反复访问实验室的过程中从一个高平台上下来。在这个实验室模拟的日常潜在风险的二元协商中，婴儿和母亲可以自由地处理他们喜欢的任务。训练结束时的迁移测试将评估两人的谈判是否针对特定任务。详细的序列分析通过项目2和项目3交织在一起，以测试在真实和发展时间中成对谈判的时间展开的规律。这些研究测试了可能影响婴儿使用和寻求各种信息来源的发育和情境因素，以及母亲是否以及在多大程度上将他们的交流与婴儿的学习和发展水平相协调。这一研究领域的进展有望阐明随着婴儿掌握新技能而变化的二元谈判性质，并在防止事故和促进婴儿技能习得方面具有实际应用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this research is to advance understanding of how infants weigh and integrate perceptual and social information for making decisions about action. We address this problem in the context of potentially risky motor tasks, where decisions about action have practical consequences for infants' safety. The aim of Project 1 is to examine the effects of mothers' unsolicited social messages, infants' motor experience, and the relative degree of risk on infants' motor decisions in novel locomotor tasks. In a cross-sectional laboratory experiment. 8- to 18-month old crawling and walking infants from will cope with traversing safe and risky slopes and gaps while mothers vary the content of their social messages (encourage, discourage). The aim of Project 2 is to examine the effects of infants' motor experience and the relative degree of risk on infants' solicitation of maternal support. Again, infants of varying ages and locomotor abilities will cope with traversing safe and risky slopes and gaps, this time while their mothers are present but unavailable. The aim of Project 3 is to chart the microgenetic trajectory of infant-mother negotiations as mothers help their infants to master new, potentially risky locomotor tasks. Mothers will teach their 11- to 18-month-old infants to descend from a high platform during repeated visits to the laboratory. In this laboratory analogue of everyday dyadic negotiation of potential risk, infants and mothers are free to cope with the task as they like. Transfer tests at the end of training will assess whether dyads' negotiations are task-specific. Detailed sequential analyses are woven through Projects 2 and 3 to test for regularities in the temporal unfolding of dyads' negotiations across real and developmental time. The studies test developmental and situational factors that may affect when infants are users and seekers of various sources of information, and whether and how closely mothers attune their communications to infants' level of learning and development. Progress in this area of research promises to illuminate the changing nature of dyadic negotiations as infants master new skills and has practical applications for preventing accidents and promoting skill acquisition in infancy.