Controls on the causes, dynamics and impacts of the catastrophic mass flows (aluviónes), northern Patagonia, Chile.

背景：众所周知，山区的冰川衰退既会降低斜坡的稳定性，也会产生潜在的不稳定的前冰川湖泊。岩石和/或冰崩可能进入新近形成的前冰期湖泊，造成灾难性的排水，从而产生灾难性的物质流。在智利的艾森地区，冰川的衰退与最近的冲积物有关，导致了生命和基础设施的损失。极端降雨被认为导致了山体滑坡，冰川冰和饱和的地表沉积物形成了冲积物，并在2017年12月部分摧毁了圣卢西亚别墅村。最近（2018年10月）在Exploradores流域发生的山体滑坡进入了一个冰碛湖，产生了一个冲积层，阻塞了一个山谷，导致湖泊蓄水和次生灾害的产生。为了降低风险，需要更好地理解和建模各种复杂的质量流生成过程链。目的和目的：本项目考察了智利Aysen地区灾难性泥石流的发生和频率控制。该项目将对最近的大规模流动进行详细调查，并在不同的冰川衰退和气候变化情景下，检查艾森地区发生的更广泛的易感性。方法：遥感和野外数据采集将允许：(1)重建最近的灾难性质量流产生机制和流动动力学，(2)从沉积物和地貌记录中识别灾难性质量流。项目联系：首席主管曾在智利参与nerc资助的项目，并与Aysen地区的大学和政府机构建立了合作联系。技能：遥感，地理信息系统，测量（dGPS， TLS），地貌测绘，泥石流和水力建模，沉积学。

"Background: Glacier recession in mountainous regions is known to both reduce slope stability and also create potentially unstable proglacial lakes. Catastrophic mass flows can be generated by rock and/or ice avalanches which may enter recently formed proglacial lakes resulting in their catastrophic drainage. In the Aysen region of Chile, glacier recession has been implicated in recent aluviones which resulted in loss of life and infrastructure. Extreme rainfall is thought to have generated a landslide which incorporated glacier ice and water saturated surficial deposits to form an aluvion which partially destroyed the village of Villa Santa Lucia in December 2017. A recent (Oct. 2018) landslide in the Exploradores catchment entered a moraine-dammed lake generating an aluvion which blocked a valley, resulting in lake impoundment and secondary hazard generation. In order to reduce risk varied and complex mass flow generating process chains need to be better understood and modelled. Aims & Objectives: This project examines the controls on the occurence and frequency of catastrophic mass flows in the Aysen region of Chile. The project will conduct a detailed investigation of recent mass flows as well as examining the wider susceptibility of occurrence within the Aysen region given different glacier recession and climate change scenarios. Methods: Remote sensing and field data acquisition will allow: (1) reconstruction of recent catastrophic mass flow generation mechanisms and flow dynamics, and (2) identification of catastrophic mass flows from the sediment and landform record. Project links: The lead supervisor has worked in Chile on NERC-funded projects and has collaborative links with universities and government agencies in the Aysen region. Skills: Remote sensing, GIS, Surveying (dGPS, TLS), geomorphological mapping, debris flow and hydraulic modelling, sedimentology. "