Dynamics of Space and Time Use: Patterns, Causes, and Consequences for Crime and Problem Behaviors

空间和时间利用的动态：犯罪和问题行为的模式、原因和后果

• 批准号: 0729466
• 负责人: Ruth Peterson
• 金额: $ 69.99万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0729466&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Space; Time; Use; Patterns

DYNAMICS OF SPACE AND TIME USE:PATTERNS, CAUSES, AND CONSEQUENCES FOR CRIME AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORSThis research seeks to increase understanding of how criminal and other problem behaviors are affected by the different neighborhood environments that people move through during the course of their daily lives, and to determine whether these influences operate in the same manner for individuals of different ages. Existing studies have shed some light on the ways that neighborhoods affect crime and other related problems, but have used a narrow definition of neighborhood environment that only includes the local area in which people live. This project recognizes that human social interactions do not take place at one time point and are not wholly contained within neighborhoods of residence. Rather, people move through a variety of dynamic local environments as they carry out their regular activities of going to work, school, child care, health care, informal socializing, and religious activities. These dynamic patterns of activity among people and communities produce more or less social isolation, which in turn, affects crime and other problem outcomes among young persons and adults. This research will: (1) use unique space- and time-use (i.e., activity pattern) information from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey and state-of-the-art Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to measure the extent and character of social isolation for individuals and communities; (2) describe how such social isolation varies by race, ethnicity, economic status, and neighborhood type; and (3) explore the consequences of individual and neighborhood social isolation for crime, delinquency, and problem behaviors at different points in the life course. An added benefit of the project will be the development of measurement tools that are applicable to a wide range of human behaviors across an array of disciplines. It will also enhance the training and careers of graduate and undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds. The products from the research will include a conference with participants from multiple disciplines who are conducting research on the measurement, patterns, and consequences of space-time use for human problem and other behaviors, and the publication of a volume geared to academic and policy audiences.

用途：犯罪和问题行为的模式、原因和后果本研究旨在增加对犯罪和其他问题行为如何受到人们在日常生活中所经历的不同邻里环境影响的理解，并确定这些影响是否以相同的方式对不同年龄的个人起作用。现有的研究已经揭示了邻里影响犯罪和其他相关问题的方式，但使用了一个狭窄的定义邻里环境，只包括当地的人生活在其中。该项目认识到人类的社会互动不会在一个时间点发生，也不完全包含在居住区内。相反，人们在进行日常活动，如上班、上学、照顾孩子、保健、非正式社交和宗教活动时，会在各种动态的当地环境中移动。人们和社区之间的这些动态活动模式或多或少造成社会孤立，这反过来又影响到青年人和成年人的犯罪和其他问题。本研究将：（1）使用独特的空间和时间使用（即，活动模式）的信息，从洛杉矶家庭和邻里调查和国家的最先进的地理信息系统（GIS）技术来衡量的程度和特点的社会隔离的个人和社区;（2）描述如何不同的种族，民族，经济地位，和邻里类型的社会隔离;（3）探讨个体和邻里社会隔离对犯罪、违法和问题行为在生命历程不同阶段的后果。该项目的另一个好处是开发适用于一系列学科的广泛人类行为的测量工具。它还将加强来自不同背景的研究生和本科生的培训和职业生涯。该研究的成果将包括一次会议，与会者来自多个学科，他们正在研究人类问题和其他行为的时空使用的测量、模式和后果，并出版一本面向学术和政策受众的书。