Fate of Spermatogonial Stem Cells

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的长期目标是更好地理解精子发生的初始步骤的调节，即精原细胞增殖和分化。在目前的授权期内，我们证明了A型精原细胞的增殖受到干细胞因子（SCF）的刺激。分离的A型细胞（可能是干细胞）分裂多次，产生成排的相互连接的分化的A型细胞。我们还证实PI-3激酶/AKT/p70 S6激酶信号通路参与SCF诱导的A型精原细胞增殖。此外，我们证明了A型精子的分化与端粒长度和端粒酶活性的变化有关。在这个竞争性的更新申请中，在目标1中，我们将进一步研究A型精原细胞的生物学。我们推测，除了SCF，其他配体，如白血病抑制因子（LIF）和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）可能是重要的精原细胞发育。我们的初步结果表明，受体（GFR α 1和LIFr）的这两个配体的表面上的A型精原细胞的表达。我们将使用整体安装免疫细胞化学来检查是否所有的A型精原细胞具有GFR α 1，c-kit和LIF受体。使用免疫磁珠程序，我们将分离GFR α 1阳性细胞组以及c-kit和LIFr阳性细胞组，并用各自的配体刺激各组。为了确定这些A型精原细胞亚群是否保留其分化能力，我们将它们移植到无菌受体小鼠体内并跟踪精子发生。在目标2中，我们将继续研究精原细胞增殖的分子信号。我们已经产生了令人兴奋的初步数据表明，SCF和LIF可能会启动不同的细胞内信号通路。通过这些信号通路，特定的候选基因被配体诱导，导致精原细胞增殖。在第三个目标中，我们将研究基因表达在分离的A型精原细胞和曲细精管在培养中使用系列分析的基因表达（SAGE）和DNA阵列程序响应配体。本建议中概述的实验应提供有关精原细胞基础生物学的新数据。此外，这些研究将有助于开发体外精子发生技术，并有助于在辅助生殖中使用健康的生殖细胞。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our long-term objective is to understand better the regulation of the initial steps of spermatogenesis, namely spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation In the current granting period, we demonstrated that proliferation of type A spermatogonia is stimulated by stem cell factor (SCF) Other studies demonstrated that Sertoli cell-spermatogonial co-cultures allow for spermatogonial differentiation, i.e., the isolated type A (presumably stem cells) divided a number of times to yield rows of interconnected differentiated type A. We also established that the PI-3 kinase/AKT/p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway is involved in SCF-induced proliferation of type A spermatogonia. In addition, we demonstrated that differentiation of type A into sperm is associated with changes in telomere length and telomerase activity. In this competing renewal application, in aim 1, we will further examine the biology of the type A spermatogonia. We hypothesize that in addition to SCF, other ligands such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) may be important for spermatogonial development. Our preliminary results indicate that receptors (GFRalpha1 and LIFr) for these two ligands are expressed on the surface of type A spermatogonia. We will use whole mount immunocytochemistry to examine whether all type A spermatogonia possess the GFRalpha1, c-kit, and LIF receptors. Using the immunomagnetic bead procedure, we will separate a GFRalpha1 positive group of cells as well as a c-kit and LIFr positive group of cells and stimulate each group with the respective ligands. To determine whether these subsets of type A spermatogonia retain their ability to differentiate, we will transplant them into sterile recipient mice and follow spermatogenesis in vivo. In aim 2, we will continue to investigate the molecular signals responsible for spermatogonial proliferation. We have generated exciting preliminary data to suggest that SCF and LIF may initiate distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Through these signaling pathways, specific candidate genes are induced by ligands leading to spermatogonial proliferation. In the third aim, we will examine gene expression in isolated type A spermatogonia and in seminiferous tubules in culture using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and DNA array procedures in response to ligands. The experiments outlined in this proposal should provide new data on the basic biology of the spermatogonia. Furthermore, these studies will help in developing techniques of in-vitro spermatogenesis and contribute to the use of healthy germ cells in assisted reproduction.