The performativity of metaphors: into and beyond the "balancing" exercise of the European Court of Human Rights

一些法律学者已经开始质疑隐喻在法律和法律推理中独有的观赏意义。然而，隐喻在权威意义创造中的确切作用仍然是充满活力和跨学科讨论的主题，本文希望从一个尚未探索的角度做出贡献。本论文试图通过隐喻来理解语言表达的创造性本质，或者准确地说，隐喻是如何通过感知和情感参与来促进理解的，对于这种创造性本质（如果不是表演性本质）是特别必要的。为此，隐喻不能仅仅被理解为认知结构或尚未观察到的相似性的表征。这些观点错过的是对自发的表达性交流时刻的认识，其中隐喻语言被理解为一部适当的小说的现象性存在，但仍是共同确定的意义。本文的第二部分考察了人权法和审判中的隐喻，特别是欧洲人权法院的判例法中的隐喻。这些隐喻既不是接近普遍和客观的概念，也不是空洞和有缺陷的修辞工具，它们将被（重新）置于它们的历史背景中。本部分从平衡的隐喻入手，运用本文的理论来揭示这些具体隐喻所传达的体现形式。

A few legal scholars have started challenging the exclusively ornamental significance of metaphors in law and legal reasoning. However, the precise role of metaphors in the creation of authoritative meaning is still the subject of vibrant and cross-disciplinary discussions to which this thesis aspires to contribute from a yet unexplored perspective. This thesis seeks to understand the properly creative nature of linguistic expression through metaphors - or precisely, how metaphors, through the perceptual and affective participation they prompt in their understanding, are specifically necessary to this creative, if not performative, nature. To this end, metaphors cannot only be understood as the representation of cognitive structures or of yet unobserved similarities. What these views miss is the recognition of a moment of spontaneous expressive communication, wherein metaphoric language is understood as the phenomenal existence of a properly novel, and yet to be communally determined sense. The second part of this thesis examines the metaphors found in human rights law and adjudication, and specifically in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Approached neither as near universal and objective concepts, nor as empty and flawed rhetorical tools, these metaphors will be (re)situated in their historical context. Starting its examination with the metaphor of balancing, this part mobilises the theory developed in this thesis to shed light on the forms of embodiment that these specific metaphors convey.