The DyRoSH Scanner: SPECT with 2 Second Time Resolution

描述（由申请人提供）： 2002年在美国进行了超过500万次心脏单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT），预计未来几年将进行更多的研究。现代SPECT扫描仪由（通常为两个）大面积伽马相机组成，其以步进拍摄模式围绕患者缓慢旋转，在大约30分钟的扫描持续时间内收集投影信息。断层扫描重建仅在最后一次投影完成后才有可能，并且假设示踪剂分布在扫描期间保持静态（或平衡），尽管数据也可以根据心动周期进行“门控”以解决室壁运动效应。所提出的动态旋转斜孔（DyRoSH）SPECT扫描仪将通过使用安装有以30 rpm旋转的斜孔准直器的固定探测器，每两秒收集完整的断层扫描信息。同时收集5个投影，DyRoSH扫描仪的空间分辨率和光子灵敏度预计至少与当前传统SPECT机器一样好。DyRoSH扫描仪的动态功能将对更广泛的运动校正（例如呼吸、患者运动、向上蠕动）产生影响，更重要的是，将为真正的动态成像打开大门，并可能开发广谱放射性药物，其心肌摄取和清除将随时间准确跟踪。该项目的具体目标是：1。比较DyRoSH SPECT扫描仪与最先进的传统SPECT扫描仪的成像性能; 2.检查和量化DyRoSH SPECT配置中的弱点和局限性;以及3.探索DyRoSH SPECT扫描仪2秒时间分辨率的潜在益处。所有的方法都是基于临床相关的计算机模拟。蒙特卡罗方法将用于生成扫描仪的列表模式数据。ROC研究将用于与传统系统的比较。将根据解剖结构的患者数据库分析视野限制。动态SPECT中的动力学参数估计将与现有技术进行比较。将在DyRoSH背景下探索新的患者运动方法。DyRoSH扫描的成功开发预计将极大地改善临床心脏SPECT。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over 5 million cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans were performed in the USA in 2002, with even more studies anticipated for future years. Modern SPECT scanners consist of (typically two) large area gamma cameras which rotate slowly around the patient in a step-and-shoot mode collecting projection information over a scan duration of roughly 30 minutes. Tomographic reconstruction is only possible after the last projections have been completed and it is assumed that the tracer distribution has remained static (or in equilibrium) during the scan, although data can also be "gated" according to the cardiac cycle to resolve wall-motion effects. The proposed dynamic rotating slant-hole (DyRoSH) SPECT scanner will collect full tomographic information every two seconds, by using stationary detectors mounted with slant-hole collimators which rotate at 30 rpm. With 5 projections being collected simultaneously, the spatial resolution and photon sensitivity of the DyRoSH scanner is anticipated to be at least as good as current conventional SPECT machines. The dynamic capability of DyRoSH scanner will have implications for more extensive motion correction (e.g. respiration, patient movements, upward creep) and more significantly, will open the door to true dynamic imaging and, potentially, the development of a broad spectrum of radiopharmaceuticals whose uptake and clearance from the myocardium will be accurately traced over time. The specific aims of this project are: 1. to compare the imaging performance of the DyRoSH SPECT scanner with a state-of-the-art conventional SPECT scanner; 2. to examine and quantify weaknesses and limitations in the DyRoSH SPECT configuration; and 3. to explore potential benefits of the 2-second temporal resolution of the DyRoSH SPECT scanner. All the methods are based on clinically relevant computer simulations. Monte Carlo methods will be used to generate list-mode data for the scanner. ROC studies will be used for the comparison with conventional systems. Field-of-view limitations will be analyzed based on a patient database of anatomies. Kinetic parameter estimation in dynamic SPECT will be compared to existing technology. New patient motion methods will be explored within the DyRoSH context. Vastly improved clinical cardiac SPECT is anticipated from the successful development of DyRoSH scanning.