Measurement-based entanglement of spin qubits

量子信息的基本单位是量子比特或量子比特。与经典位一样，量子位是一个两能级系统，但能够以叠加态存在。这意味着它可以同时处于开和关状态，如果我们考虑多个量子比特的量子系统，这将产生深远的影响。不是每个量子比特都携带任何定义明确的信息，而是将信息编码在它们的联合属性中。在量子力学中，量子比特被描述为纠缠的。挑战是找到利用量子现象（如叠加和纠缠）的方法来构建量子计算机，该计算机能够执行经典环境中无法实现的计算任务。该项目将通过使用创新的测量来解决这个问题-基于量子计算的方法，该方法利用了一种有趣的量子力学效应，如果测量不能把他们分开。然后通过对消耗纠缠的单个量子比特进行一系列测量来实现计算-这种方法与标准的基于电路的量子计算完全不同。最终目标是展示一个全电子和可扩展的分布式量子处理器，它不需要量子位之间的任何直接交互。具体来说，该项目利用固态电子自旋量子比特（量子点或掺杂剂）来产生纠缠，超精细相互作用以将量子信息存储在长寿命的核自旋态和超快射频反射计读出中。

The elementary unit of quantum information is the quantum bit or qubit. Like the classical bit, the qubit is a two-level system but with the ability to exist in a superposition of states. This means it can be in the on and off state at the same time which has profound implications if we consider quantum systems of more than one qubit. Instead of each qubit carrying any well-defined information of its own, the information is encoded in their joint properties. In quantum mechanics, the qubits are described as being entangled. The challenge is to find ways to harness quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to construct a quantum computer that is able to perform computational tasks that are unattainable in a classical context.This project will address this by using an innovative measurement-based approach to quantum computation which makes use of an intriguing quantum mechanical effect by which two spatially separated quantum bits become entangled if a measurement cannot tell them apart. Computation is then achieved by a sequence of measurements on individual qubits that consumes the entanglement - an approach which is entirely different from standard circuit-based quantum computation. The end goal is to demonstrate an all-electrical and scalable distributed quantum processor that does not require any direct interaction between the qubits. Specifically, the project makes use of solid-state electron spin qubits (quantum dots or dopants) to generate entanglement, hyperfine interaction to store quantum information in long-lived nuclear spin states and ultrafast radio-frequency reflectometry readout.