A generic integrated geospatial BIM data model for the simulation, analysis and visualisation of Cities

智慧城市模型被认为是当前和未来以可持续方式规划和管理城市的关键发展。事实上，英国标准协会（BSI）开发了“智能城市概念数据模型”，以确保组织之间的数据互操作性（PAS 182），从而认可了对有关我们城市如何运行以及未来可能运行的一致、准确和可靠数据和信息的需求。虽然这些发展为交换和管理有关城市的数据和信息提供了一个框架，但我们需要在表示构成城市复杂三维物理结构的许多异构物理对象、资产和基础设施组件之间存在的关键空间和时间关系的能力方面取得重大进展。此外，一旦这样一个代表性的框架已经开发出来，我们需要一个新一代的分析工具，使我们能够监测，跟踪，分析和可视化的流动和运动的动态发生。至关重要的是，这些工具需要多尺度的能力，以代表对象，资产和网络的集合，构成一个城市;范围从建筑物的内部三维布局的描述，到为整个城市服务所需的资源（如电力、天然气和供水）的流动和移动的汇总测量。它们在描述现有的连通性和关系方面也需要是多尺度的，以便不仅能够监测、跟踪和分析自上而下的外来投入，而且能够了解建筑物内和建筑物外发生的自下而上的流动。只有开发一个不仅能代表城市主要实物，而且能明确编码和分析其连通性和相互作用的系统，才有可能制定综合的多尺度城市规划和设计方法，从整个城市到单个建筑物和基础设施的细节。这个EPSRC CASE博士将开发一个空间数据模型和由此产生的软件系统，用于集成GIS/BIM（建筑信息模型）表示多个尺度的城市。该研究将扩展现有公认的行业标准（例如，国际金融公司、CityGML和在一定程度上GeoBIM）开发迫切需要的数据模型和由此产生的软件，以表示单个建筑物内部资源流动之间的拓扑联系及其与城市大规模结构的连通性，特别是它们所依赖的基础设施网络和系统;这样就有可能进行多尺度的内部建设，以城市规模的分析，模拟和可视化。将开发基于纽卡斯尔大学科学中心开发的概念验证研究，该研究利用来自Orlando Survey的数据以及来自城市观测站和SMART Grid实验室的建筑传感器数据。博士将隶属于最近资助的EPSRC计划赠款MISTRAL（多尺度基础设施系统分析;巴尔公司-我（纽卡斯尔PI））与ITRC NISMOD-DB（国家基础设施建模数据库）持有的数据的完全访问。

Smart city-models have been recognised as a key development in order to plan and manage cities in a sustainable manner both currently and into the future. Indeed the recognition of the requirement for consistent, accurate and reliable data and information on how our cities are performing and may perform into the future has been recognised in the UK by the development of a 'Smart-city concept data model' by the British Standards Institution (BSI), in order to ensure data interoperability between organisations (PAS182). While such developments provide a framework for the exchange and management of data and information regarding cities, they need to be matched by significant developments in our ability to represent the key spatial and temporal relationships that exist between the many heterogeneous physical objects, assets and infrastructure components that comprise the complex 3-dimensional physical fabric of a city. Moreover, once such a representational framework has been developed we need a new generation of analytical tools that allow us to monitor, track, analyse and visualise the dynamics of the flows and movements taking place.Critically, such tools need to be multi-scale with respect to their ability to represent the collection of objects, assets and networks that comprise a city; ranging from descriptions of the internal 3-dimensional layout of a buildings, through to aggregate measures of the flows and movements of resources that are required to service an entire city, such as electricity, gas and water supply. They also need to be multi-scale in terms of describing the connectivity and relationships that exist such that it is possible to monitor, track and analyse not only top-down exogenous inputs, but also understand the bottom-up flows that occur within and from buildings. Only by developing a system that can not only represent the key physical objects of cities, but also explicitly encode and analyse their connectivity and interactions will it be possible to develop integrated multi-scale urban planning and design approaches, ranging from entire cities to the detail of individual buildings and infrastructure.This EPSRC CASE PhD will develop a spatial data model and resulting software system for an integrated GIS/BIM (Building Information Model) representation of cities across multiple scales. The research will extend work on geometric entity representation within existing accepted industry standards (e.g., IFC, CityGML and to a certain extent GeoBIM) to develop the urgently required data model and resulting software to represent the topological linkages between the internal flows of resources within individual buildings and their connectivity to the broad-scale fabric of a city, and in particular the infrastructure networks and systems they rely upon; such that it becomes possible to undertake multi-scale internal-building to city-scale analysis, simulation and visualisation. Proof of concept studies based on the Newcastle University Science Central development utilising data form the Ordnance Survey as well as building sensor data from the Urban Observatory and the SMART Grid lab will be developed. The PhD will be affiliated with the recently funded EPSRC programme grant MISTRAL (Multi-scale Infrastructure Systems Analytics; Barr Co-I (Newcastle PI)) with full access to the data held with the ITRC NISMOD-DB (National Infrastructure Modelling Database).