Mapping boundaries and values in Payment for Ecosystem Services

森林是制定气候变化政策的关键空间，据估计，森林砍伐和森林退化造成了20%的温室气体排放。然而，执行战略的努力受到政治、社会和经济紧张局势的制约。尽管政治和经济参与者青睐以市场为基础的方法，如环境服务付费(PES)模式，但他们因忽视当地的复杂性而受到批评。虽然在生态系统中解决公平问题的重要性已经得到承认，在规划和种植时也需要参与，但有人批评说，这种方法将社区视为同质和静态的。森林社区实际上是动态的，受运动的影响，重组社区和重塑环境。我的研究将通过调查社会价值和身份认同如何产生和复制机会不平等的机会，导致社会参与率较低，来探索莫桑比克PES项目前沿的森林社区的社会复杂性。这项研究位于政治生态学中，介绍了边界工作和社会价值理论和评估方法，这些方法建立在福柯、葛兰西、布尔迪厄等人提出的符号分类系统和间接权力形式的研究基础上。我将研究意识形态是如何被人们生活的文化-物质背景塑造的：可用的文化工具以及结构条件。

Forests are critical spaces for climate change policy makingwith deforestation and forest degradation estimated ascontributing 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. However,efforts to implement strategies are subject to political,social and economic tensions. While political and economicactors favour market-based approaches such as thePayment for Environmental Services (PES) model, they arecriticised for ignoring local complexities. Although theimportance of addressing equity in PES has beenacknowledged, and participation is required in planning andimplantation, approaches have been criticised as treatingcommunities as homogenous and static. Forestcommunities are in fact dynamic and subject to movementrestructuring communities and reshaping the environment.My research will explore social complexities in forestcommunities at the frontier of PES projects in Mozambiqueby investigating how social worth and identity produce andreproduce unequal access to opportunities leading to lowparticipation in PES. This study is situated in politicalecology introducing Boundary Work and the Social theory ofValuation and Evaluation methodologies which build on thestudy of symbolic systems of classification and indirectforms of power such as those advanced by Foucault,Gramsci, Bourdieu, and others. I will examine howideologies are shaped by cultural-material contexts inwhich people live: The cultural tools available along withthe structural conditions.