CORE--COST EFFECTIVENESS

为了作出知情的艾滋病毒预防资源分配决定，公共卫生决策者需要关于各种艾滋病毒预防干预措施的成本和成本效益的详细信息。成本效益研究核心支持对艾滋病毒初级预防干预措施、相关行为矫正方案和干预传播活动的成本、经济效率和有效性进行科学研究。核心向CAIR调查人员提供关于进行经济评估的可行性的咨询。 对拟议的、正在进行的或已完成的艾滋病毒预防干预措施（包括基于传播的干预措施）的效率或建模研究。核心确定适当的经济评估或数学建模技术，以评估干预措施的成本效益，并与干预措施研究人员合作，设计适当的行为测量和成本数据收集工具，以支持前瞻性或回顾性经济评估研究和建模研究的进行。核心科学家与其他CAIR研究人员合作，在执行这些分析中发挥主导作用。根据干预项目的具体需要，核心小组开展的支持活动可能包括在正在进行的干预试验过程中收集前瞻性数据、在试验完成后收集回顾性数据、建立数学模型以量化具有流行病学意义的单位（例如，避免的艾滋病毒感染或预期的二次感染数量），和/或成本效益、成本效用或阈值分析，以确定艾滋病毒预防干预措施的总体经济效率。最近加入核心的卡罗尔加勒利，J.D.，哲学博士、作为一名行为科学家和法律的学者，他的工作重点是艾滋病预防和法律的交叉，使成本效益研究核心扩大其政策层面，包括艾滋病相关的法律的法规，艾滋病风险行为和艾滋病预防之间的关系，并更好地解决社会科学研究中的伦理问题。为了反映这一新的职能，该中心现在向CMR科学家提供咨询，指导他们遵守涉及人类参与者的研究道德行为的适用法律和政策。

In order to make informed HIV prevention resource allocation decisions, public health decision makers require detailed information about the cost and cost-effectiveness of various HIV prevention interventions. The Cost-Effectiveness Studies Core supports scientific research into the cost, economic efficiency, and effectiveness of HIV primary prevention interventions, related behavioral modification programs, and intervention dissemination activities. The Core provides consultations to CAIR investigators regarding the feasibility of conducting economic efficiency or modeling studies of proposed, ongoing, or completed HIV prevention interventions, including dissemination-based interventions. The Core identifies appropriate economic evaluation or mathematical modeling techniques for assessing the cost-effectiveness of the intervention and collaborates with intervention researchers on the design of suitable behavioral measurement and cost data collection instruments to support the conduct of prospective or retrospective economic evaluation research and modeling studies. Core scientists take a lead role in performing these analyses, in collaboration with other CAIR investigators. As appropriate to the specific needs of the intervention project, support activities undertaken by the Core may include prospective data collection during the course of an ongoing intervention trial, retrospective data collection after a trial is complete, mathematical modeling to quantify intervention effectiveness in epidemiologically-meaningful units (e.g., HIV infections averted or expected number of secondary infections), and/or cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, or threshold analyses to determine the overall economic efficiency of HIV prevention interventions. The recent addition to the Core of Carol Galletly, J.D., Ph.D., a behavioral scientist and legal scholar whose work focuses on the intersection of HIV prevention and law, has allowed the Cost-Effectiveness Studies Core to expand its policy dimension to encompass the relationship between HIV-related legal statutes, HIV risk behaviors, and HIV prevention, and to better address ethical issues in social science research. Reflecting this new function, the Core now provides consultation to CMR scientists on compliance with applicable law and policy governing the ethical conduct of research involving human participants.