CONTROL BELIEFS, MEMORY, AND AGING

描述(改编自调查人员摘要)：通常与 随着年龄的增长，记忆力的丧失是不可避免的和不可逆转的。研究与实践 记忆老化一直表明，在某些方面与年龄有关的衰退 记忆的一部分，例如对单词的情节记忆。然而，并不是所有人 表现出减量，而且有证据表明记忆力可以改善。然而，许多人 中老年人认为他们几乎无法控制自己的 记忆。控制的两个方面，关于记忆能力或能力的信念 (效能)和关于偶然性的信念(努力和 性能)将被研究。这些信仰不仅显示出年龄差异和 下降，但它们始终与业绩结果相关。的目的是 本研究旨在研究记忆控制信念在记忆控制中的作用 导致情景记忆表现年龄差异的因素和考虑 什么行为和生理机制将控制信念和记忆联系在一起 性能。对可分类单词列表的记忆将在成年人中进行测试 年龄在21岁到80岁之间。预计发作期的年龄差异 通过灌输记忆控制的积极观点，可以减少对单词的记忆 并通过提供实际控制的机会。据预测， 促进对记忆的控制感将导致更有效的策略 使用、更少的应激反应和更好的内存性能，尤其是对于 中老年人。应激反应和恢复，使用 唾液皮质醇和策略使用将作为 控制信念与记忆之间的关系。在我们能做到的范围内 了解这种关系的性质，可能会发展出更多 有效的干预策略，以提高记忆性能。结果可以 为减少内存损害和改善 老年人的日常功能。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): A view commonly associated with aging is that memory loss is inevitable and irreversible. Research on memory aging consistently shows there are age-related declines on some aspects of memory, such as episodic memory for words. Nevertheless, not all individuals show decrements, and there is evidence that memory can be improved. Yet, many middle-aged and older adults believe that they have little control over their memory. Two aspects of control, beliefs about memory ability or competence (efficacy) and beliefs about contingency (the relation between effort and performance) will be studied. These beliefs not only show age differences and declines, but they are consistently related to performance outcomes. The aim of this research is to examine the role that memory control beliefs play in contributing to age differences in episodic memory performance and to consider what behavioral and physiological mechanisms link control beliefs and memory performance. Memory for categorizable word lists will be tested in adults between the ages of 21 and 80. It is expected that age differences in episodic memory for words can be reduced by instilling positive views of memory control and by offering opportunities for actual control. It is predicted that promoting a sense of control over memory will result in more effective strategy use, less stress reactivity, and better memory performance, especially for middle-aged and older adults. Stress reactivity and recovery, assessed using salivary cortisol, and strategy use will be tested as mediators of the relationship between control beliefs and memory. To the extent that we can understand the nature of this relationship, it may be possible to develop more effect intervention strategies to enhance memory performance. The results can provide promising directives for reducing memory impairment and improving the everyday functioning of older adults.