Exile and Empire. Sephardic literary networks in early modern Italy

我的博士项目重新审视并重新想象了Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi所描述的流亡和定居的辩证法。我的目标是将他的观点具体应用于印在意大利领土上的塞法迪作家的作品，不仅探索文本如何表达宗教身份，而且探索它们的出版本身如何与塞法迪社区的形成有牵连。塞法迪社区形成了一个最有凝聚力的群体之一，在这个世界上，现代民族国家的概念尚未出现。他们（自我）认同nación hebrea或nação portuguesa，被理解为一个宗教或族裔社区，与政府无关，就说明了这一点。我的博士项目将跟踪西班牙国家的代表，强调文化和文学关系在形成统一的群体身份的作用。在这样做的时候，我将把它们放在一个泛欧洲的知识背景下。塞法迪作家的案例可以阐明最近的（跨）国籍理论，以及现代性和身份建构的相关问题，通过将其表述作为一种有意识的选择，而不是作为一个典型的调查式叙事的单一内在特征的“发现”。我的博士论文的出发点是塞缪尔·乌斯克的《Consolaçam》，1553年在费拉拉出版，这部作品在当时的塞法迪文学全景中是独一无二的，因为它是用葡萄牙语写的，葡萄牙语通常是为日常交流保留的语言。在《慰借》出版仅一年后，费拉拉的同一家印刷厂出版了Bernardim Ribeiro的《Menina e moça》。充满神秘主义象征的田园叙事通过阅读这些文本，我希望通过研究《梅尼娜和莫萨》的出版历史和乌斯克可能参与其中的个人经历，有助于阅读《梅尼娜和莫萨》作为一部神秘的犹太文本。我还将把《康索拉卡姆》置于其历史背景中，作为对基督教攻击和犹太史学启示录倾向的积极反驳。最后，我将考虑文学赞助人Dona Gracia Nasi的作用，Consolaçam致力于形成更广泛的犹太知识分子社区。我的研究的第二部分将研究艾萨克·卡多佐和米格尔·达·西尔维拉的作品。在17世纪的威尼斯，卡多佐出版了《希伯来人的卓越》（Las excelencias de los hebreos），对反犹太文学作品进行了激烈的驳斥。他的理由，他的论点在希腊和罗马史学和参考教会的父亲或当代历史学家，同时也插入自己到一个更广泛的传统犹太辩护士。这些宗教联系使Excelencias成为西班牙系国家的文本钥匙，更广泛地说，证明了他们成功地保存了犹太知识文化。我的论文将说明卡多佐的作用，在塞法迪克知识生产的背景下，把他的工作与埃尔马卡比奥，史诗米格尔达西尔维拉在那不勒斯出版。《El Macabeo》表面上是为了支持葡萄牙殖民努力而写的，但经常提到塔索、贡戈拉和Cameles，并在当地一位贵族的支持下出版。然而，这个主题使它成为一个潜在的犹太人的作品。出于我论文的目的，他的诗以及他与卡多佐的个人关系将提供塞法迪侨民内部知识交流以及与西班牙主流基督教文学界接触的证据。索邦大学AGON项目最近的工作将提供将这些作品置于犹太教-基督教论战的更广泛背景下的方法。我还将利用社会学和历史主义理论来发展一种跨学科的方法，这种方法超出了我迄今为止所受教育的范围。

My doctoral project revisits and reimagines the dialectic of exile and domicile described by Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi. I aim to apply his ideas specifically to the works of Sephardic authors printed in Italian territories, exploring not just how texts express religious identities, but how their publication itself was implicated in the formation of Sephardic communities.The Sephardic community formed one of the most cohesive groups in a world where the modern idea of a nation-state was yet to emerge. This is illustrated by their (self-)identification with the nación hebrea or nação portuguesa, understood as a religious or ethnic community and unrelated to government. My doctoral project will trace Sephardic representations of the nation, emphasising the role of cultural and literary relationships in the formation of a unified group identity. In doing so, I will place them in a pan-European intellectual context. The case of Sephardic authors can illuminate recent theories of (trans-)nationality, as well as related questions of modernity and construction of identity by foregrounding its articulation as a conscious choice rather than the "discovery" of a single inherent characteristic typical of Inquisitorial narratives.The point of departure for my doctoral thesis is Samuel Usque's Consolaçam, published in Ferrara in 1553, a work unique in the Sephardic literary panorama of the time as it was written in Portuguese, a language normally reserved for everyday communication. Only a year after the publication of the Consolaçam, the very same printing press in Ferrara released Bernardim Ribeiro's Menina e moça. a pastoral narrative replete with cabbalistic symbolism. By reading these texts alongside one another I hope to contribute to a reading of Menina e moça as a crypto-Jewish text by examining its publication history and Usque's possible personal involvement in it. I will also place Consolaçam in its historical context as an active rebuttal of both Christian attacks and the apocalyptic trends of Jewish historiography. Finally, I will consider the role of literary patron Dona Gracia Nasi, to whom the Consolaçam is dedicated, in the formation of a wider Jewish intellectual community.The second part of my research will examine the works of Isaac Cardoso and Miguel da Silveira. In seventeenth-century Venice, Cardoso published Las excelencias de los hebreos, a fierce refutation of anti-Jewish literary production. He grounds his argument in Greek and Roman historiography and references Church fathers or contemporary historians, while also inserting himself into a wider tradition of Jewish apologists. These religious links make of Excelencias a text key to the Sephardic nation and, more widely, attest to the success in their preservation of a Jewish intellectual culture. My thesis will illustrate Cardoso's role in Sephardic intellectual production by placing his work in context alongside El Macabeo, an epic poem by Miguel da Silveira published in Naples. Written ostensibly in support of the Portuguese colonial effort, El Macabeo makes frequent references to Tasso, Góngora and Camões, and was published with the support of a local nobleman. The subject matter, however, makes of it the work of a potential judaizante. For the purposes of my thesis, his poem, and his personal relationship with Cardoso, will provide evidence of intellectual exchanges within the Sephardic diaspora, as well as of its engagement with mainstream Christian literary circles back in Spain. Recent work by the Sorbonne AGON project will provide methods to place these works within the broader context of Jewish-Christian polemics. I will also draw on sociological and historicist theories to develop an interdisciplinary approach that lies beyond the scope of my hitherto education.