Control of Workplace Diesel Exhaust Particulate

描述（由申请人提供）：成千上万的消防员、铁路工人、公共汽车司机、卡车司机、机械师、建筑和隧道工人、煤炭和金属/非金属矿工以及其他工人都暴露在柴油发动机的废气中。柴油发动机的废气中含有颗粒物和有毒气体，如甲醛、二氧化氮和一氧化碳。柴油废气颗粒（DEP）由黑碳核心和表面吸附的多环芳烃（PAHs）和硝基多环芳烃等化合物组成。柴油废气被列为一种可疑的人类致癌物，与肺癌和其他癌症有关。该项目的具体目标是通过开发和测试控制工作场所机械DEP排放的实用技术，降低工人患肺癌和其他癌症的风险。近一个世纪以来，静电除尘器一直被用于控制发电厂和工业设施的空气排放。ESP技术还没有成功地小型化以控制柴油动力机械的排放。目前最先进的柴油废气处理技术，即机械过滤器，不太可能对许多工作场所的柴油有效。本项目与NORA优先领域“控制技术和个人防护装备”直接相关，有四个具体目标：(1)建立电气试验单元，研究和建立微型静电除尘器的电压/电流特性；(2)建立小型柴油机排放研究设施；(3)建立和测试微型静电除尘器（mini-ESP），控制柴油发电机的微粒排放；(4)利用试验结果开发和发布未来柴油微粒静电除尘器的设计模型。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Thousands of firefighters, railroad workers, bus drivers, truck drivers, mechanics, construction and tunnel workers, coal and metal/non-metal miners, and other workers are exposed to diesel engine exhaust. Diesel engine exhaust contains particulate matter and toxic gases such as formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) consists of a black carbon core and adsorbed surface compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs. Diesel exhaust has been classified as a suspected human carcinogen and exposure has been linked to lung and other cancers. The specific aim of this project is to reduce the risk of lung cancer and other cancers in workers by developing and testing practical technology to control DEP emissions from workplace machinery. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have been used for nearly a century to control air emissions from power plants and industrial facilities. ESP technology has not been successfully miniaturized to control emissions from diesel-powered machinery. The state-of-the-art technology presently available for diesel exhaust after treatment, the mechanical filter, is unlikely to be effective on many workplace diesels. This project is directly related to NORA priority area of "Control Technology and Personal Protective Equipment" and has four specific objectives: (1) Construct an electrical test cell to investigate and establish the voltage/current properties of miniature electrostatic precipitators, (2) Build a facility for investigating small diesel engine emissions, (3) Construct and test a miniature electrostatic precipitator (the mini-ESP) to control particulate emissions from a diesel electric generator, (4) Use the test results to develop and publish a model for the design of future diesel particulate electrostatic precipitators.