Genetic basis of interspecies oviposition deterrents impacting the horticultural pest, Drosophila suzukii.

生物体在生活的各个领域都参与物种间的交流，以提高其生殖健康。确定相关信号和反应途径的遗传方法在微生物和植物中取得了成功，并越来越多地在昆虫中取得成功。拟议的项目将利用果蝇中可用的强大遗传工具，以确定种间信号背后的分子途径，这些信号对害虫物种Drosophila suzukii起产卵威慑作用。D. Suzukii是一种入侵性害虫，对英国软果和核果园艺构成威胁。与地方性果蝇如D. melanogaster、黑腹果蝇D.铃兰在成熟果实中产卵。鉴于对杀虫剂控制的管制和抗药性的增加，重要的是要制定综合的害虫管理战略。铃木控制。最近的一项研究表明，一个有希望的调查途径是记录D。通过预先将产卵基质暴露于D.黑腹果蝇（Shaw等，Pest Manag Sci，2018）。本项目的目的是从遗传学上确定负责的种间信号，为管理D。铃兰产卵学生将研究D基因的遗传决定因素。黑腹信号这将通过比较D.利用不同的D.黑腹果蝇基因型，包括影响相关发育（卵巢、卵母细胞）和生物合成途径（信息素、表皮烃、性肽）的突变体。与此同时，信号的感觉性质将使用D的遗传操作进行评估。Suzukii使用两种预先存在的（Karageorgi等人，Curr Biol，2017）和新的遗传工具。在人工产卵基质上鉴定的遗传差异将在实验室和半野外环境中使用水果进行验证。

Organisms across all domains of life engage in interspecies communication to enhance their reproductive fitness. Genetic approaches to identify relevant signalling and response pathways have had success in microbes and plants and increasingly in insects. The proposed project will take advantage of the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila fruit flies to identify the molecular pathways underlying interspecies signals that act as oviposition deterrents to the pest species, Drosophila suzukii. D. suzukii is an invasive pest that poses a threat to UK soft and stone fruit horticulture. Unlike endemic fruit flies such as D. melanogaster, D. suzukii oviposits in ripening fruit. Given increased regulation of and resistance to insecticide controls it is important to develop integrated pest management strategies for D. suzukii control. One promising avenue of investigation is indicated by a recent study documenting deterrence of D. suzukii oviposition by prior exposure of oviposition substrates to D. melanogaster (Shaw et al., Pest Manag Sci, 2018). It is the aim of this project to genetically define the responsible interspecies signals to inform strategies for managing D. suzukii oviposition. The student will examine genetic determinants of the D. melanogaster signal. This will be done by comparing the efficiency of D. suzukii oviposition deterrence using different D. melanogaster genotypes including mutants impacting relevant developmental (ovaries, oenocytes) and biosynthetic pathways (pheromones, cuticular hydrocarbons, sex peptide). In parallel, the sensory nature of the signal will be evaluated using genetic manipulations of D. suzukii using both pre-existing (Karageorgi et al., Curr Biol, 2017) and new genetic tools. Genetic differences identified on artificial oviposition substrates will be verified using fruit in both lab and semi-field settings.