The impacts of climate change and extreme weather events on cyanobacteria blooms in lakes

“近年来，人们越来越认识到淡水系统中有害的蓝藻水华（cyanHABs）相关的问题。这些污染物通过污染饮用水供应，可能对水生生物群、渔业和人类健康造成破坏性影响。蓝藻水华的确切原因仍然没有得到很好的理解，尽管人为过程（例如农业集约化）和气候变化驱动的营养物富集是可以驱动其增殖的两个主要因素（Benayache et al.，2019年）。除了通过温度变化促进藻类生长外，气候变化还可能影响降雨模式，导致干旱和强烈风暴交替出现。后者可能导致更多的营养物质流入水体，导致氰赤潮的形成。在风暴期间，富含营养物的表层沉积物的重新悬浮也会产生类似的影响，特别是在浅水湖泊中。鉴于未来预测的气候变化和风暴强度的增加，迫切需要更好地了解这些和其他对氰赤潮形成的控制，并考虑气候压力和营养物的综合影响将如何影响湖泊和其他敏感水体中的生物群落。（地球化学，色素，微体化石）和仪器水质和气候数据，以检查最近的影响（最后一个CA。300年）的气候变化和极端天气事件对蓝藻水华的发展在两个研究区域：新玩法在加拿大东部和西部爱尔兰，蓝藻水华有一个不利的影响。古湖沼学的方法，利用沉积物岩心中保存的丰富的环境信息档案，有很大的潜力，了解有害的蓝藻水华在湖泊中的特点和原因，并可以大大扩展的推论，可以单独从水质监测数据。将从已知有记录的风暴后水质变化和蓝藻扩散历史的湖泊中收集沉积物岩心（<1米）。古湖沼学工作将辅之以对当代水质监测数据的统计和地理信息系统分析，并在研究集水区选择气候和景观湖沼学变量（如水深、湖泊连通性、取水、无冰期），以进一步阐明对氰赤潮发展的控制。"

"There has been an increased awareness in recent years of the problems associated with harmful cyanobacteria algal blooms (cyanoHABs) in freshwater systems. These can have devastating effects on aquatic biota, fisheries and human health via the contamination of drinking water supplies. The exact causes of cyanobacteria blooms are still not well understood, although nutrient enrichment driven by anthropogenic processes (e.g. agricultural intensification) and climate change are two major factors that can drive their proliferation (Benayache et al., 2019). As well as promoting algal growth via temperature change, climate change can affect rainfall patterns, leading to alternating periods of drought and intense storms. The latter can cause increased runoff of nutrients into waterbodies, leading to cyanoHAB formation. Re-suspension of surficial, nutrient-rich sediments during storms can have a similar effect, particularly in shallow lakes. There is a pressing need to better understand these and other controls on cyanoHAB formation in the light of future predicted climate change and increased storm intensity, and to consider how the combined effects of climatic stressors and nutrients will impact biotic communities in lakes and other sensitive water bodies.This project will use a combination of palaeolimnological (geochemistry, pigments, microfossils) and instrumental water quality and climate data to examine the impacts of recent (last ca. 300 yr) climate change and extreme weather events on cyanoHAB development in two study regions: New Brunswick in eastern Canada and western Ireland, where cyanobacteria blooms are having a detrimental effect. Palaeolimnological approaches, which utilise the rich archive of environmental information preserved in sediment cores, have great potential for understanding the character and causes of harmful cyanobacteria blooms in lakes, and can greatly extend the inferences that can be drawn from water quality monitoring data alone. Sediment cores (<1m) will be collected from lakes with a known history of water-quality change and cynaoHAB proliferation following documented storms. The palaeolimnological work will be supplemented by statistical and GIS analysis of contemporary water quality monitoring data and select climate and landscape limnological variables in the study catchments (e.g. water depth, lake connectivity, fetch, ice-free season) to further elucidate the controls on cyanoHAB development."