Neighborhood Effects of Children's Well Being

描述(由申请人提供)：近年来， 邻里关系特征对儿童幸福感的影响已成为人们关注的话题 学术界和政策界以及普通民众中的相当大的争论 公开的。社会、心理和经济理论和定性研究 表明邻里效应的许多方面，以及大量的 在过去几年关于邻里效应的研究中，大多数研究都 未能就性质和规模产生令人信服和一致的结果 这些对儿童的影响。在这项计划中，我们建议调查 社区环境对儿童使用创新的新环境的影响 纵向数据集(洛杉矶家庭和邻里调查)和 更适合邻域捕捉的多水平统计模型 和家庭财产。我们的具体目标是：(1)确定成年人和 孩子们定义了他们自己的社区，以及这些社区有多突出 对日常生活的影响；(2)考察社区构成对社会的影响 假设会影响儿童结局的环境机制 直接(例如，社会组织和规范环境)；和(3)评估 邻里环境和家庭环境对儿童发展的影响 (具体地说，就是阅读成绩、数学成绩和行为问题)。这个 拟议的分析将显著扩展我们对以下影响的了解 邻里环境对孩子的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In recent years, the effects of neighborhood characteristics on children's well-being has become a topic of considerable debate in academic and policy communities and in the general public. Social, psychological and economic theory and qualitative studies suggest that many aspects of neighborhood effects and a substantial amount of research in the past few years on neighborhood effects, most studies have failed to produce persuasive and consistent results about the nature and size of these effects on children. In this projects, we propose to investigate the effects of neighborhood environments on children using an innovative new longitudinal data set (the Los Angeles family and Neighborhood Survey) and multilevel statistical models which are better suited to capture neighborhood and family effects. Our specific aims are: (1) to determine how adults and children define their own neighborhoods and how salient these neighborhoods are to daily life; (2) to examine the effects of neighborhood composition on social environmental mechanisms that are hypothesized to affect children's outcomes directly (e.g., social organization and normative climate); and (3) to assess the effects of neighborhood and family environments on children's development (specifically, achievement in reading and math and behavior problems). The proposed analysis will significantly expand our knowledge of the effects of neighborhood environments on children.