Social disparities in physical functioning by race, ethnicity, and immigration status

种族、民族和移民身份在身体机能方面的社会差异

• 批准号: 10538550
• 负责人: ANNE R PEBLEY
• 金额: $ 28.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-15 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10538550
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; African American population; Age; Child Care; Code; Data; Disabled Persons; Disparity; Documentation; Education; Elderly; Employment; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Gender; Goals; Growth; Hazard Models; Health; Health Expenditures; Health and Retirement Study; Health behavior; Historical Survey; Housekeeping; Immigrant; Immigration; Income; Inequality; Information Networks; Knowledge; Latino; Latino Population; Lead; Legal; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Expectancy; Marmota; Measures; Occupational; Occupational Health; Occupations; Outcome; Physical Function; Play; Quality of life; Race; Recording of previous events; Research; Resources; Respondent; Role; Social stratification; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Structure; Surveys; Variant; Woman; Work; caucasian American; cohort; coping; disability; early-life disadvantage; ethnic difference; experience; health care availability; health data; human old age (65+); men; middle age; mortality; programs; psychosocial; racial difference; racial population; segregation; social disparities; social group; socioeconomics

Project Summary / Abstract Although foreign-born Latinos have significantly higher life expectancy than non-Latino whites in the U.S., they are more likely to spend those additional years of life with a disability. Socioeconomic variations among race and ethnic groups cannot alone account for race/ethnic differences in disability. Previous research on the causes of these inequalities has primarily focused on explanations such as differential access to health care, early life conditions, environmental exposures, personal health behaviors, and stress. We investigate another potential mechanism: race and ethnic differences in work – i.e., the cumulative effects of physical and psychosocial conditions experienced as work throughout life. The US occupational structure is highly stratified by race/ethnicity and gender and extensive research on occupational health has demonstrated a strong relationship between physical and psychosocial work conditions and health outcomes. Our goal is to determine whether racial and ethnic differences in work conditions over the life course can account, in part, for significantly higher limitations in physical functioning among middle aged and older Latinos compared to whites. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and match employment histories from this survey with data on work conditions by occupational code for respondents' jobs from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The analysis is based on growth curve and hazard models of limitations in physical functioning and mortality as a function of histories of work conditions and other variables. Reduced physical functioning can significantly diminish quality of life at older ages and greatly increase health care expenditures. Functional limitations are more common among social groups, including Latinos and particularly Latino immigrants, who have the fewest resources to cope with these limitations. The results of this study will significantly advance our knowledge of the role occupational segregation and work conditions in leading to higher rates of functional limitations among the Latino population.

项目概要/摘要 尽管在外国出生的拉丁裔美国人的预期寿命明显高于非拉丁裔白人 在美国，他们更有可能在残疾中度过余生。社会经济 种族和民族群体之间的差异不能单独解释种族/民族差异 残疾。先前对这些不平等原因的研究主要集中在 诸如获得医疗保健的机会不同、早期生活条件、环境等解释 暴露、个人健康行为和压力。我们研究了另一个潜在机制：种族 和工作中的种族差异——即身体和心理社会条件的累积影响 终生将其视为工作。美国的职业结构是高度分层的 种族/族裔和性别以及对职业健康的广泛研究表明， 身体和心理社会工作条件与健康结果之间的关系。我们的目标是 确定生命历程中工作条件的种族和民族差异是否可以解释 部分原因是中年和老年拉丁裔人的身体机能受到明显更高的限制 与白人相比。我们使用健康与退休研究 (HRS) 的数据并匹配 本次调查的就业历史以及按职业代码划分的工作条件数据 来自职业信息网络 (O*NET) 的受访者的工作。分析基于 身体机能和死亡率的限制的生长曲线和危险模型作为函数 工作条件和其他变量的历史。身体机能下降会显着 老年人的生活质量下降，医疗保健支出大幅增加。功能性 限制在社会群体中更为常见，包括拉丁裔，尤其是拉丁裔 移民，他们应对这些限制的资源最少。本研究结果 将极大地增进我们对职业隔离和工作条件的作用的了解 导致拉丁裔人口中功能受限的比例更高。