Ritual and Identity: British Collections of Bronze Figurines from First-Millennium-BC pre-Roman Italy

我的博士研究项目旨在发展我们的知识和理解的示意性青铜雕像从前罗马意大利，使用在英国博物馆的藏品作为核心数据集。这些简单的拟人或兽形青铜器，目前，研究不足，其意义和作用仍然在很大程度上是谜。有鉴于此，我的研究项目将寻求提供新的见解，他们跨越时间和空间的发展，以及他们的仪式和社会意义。这也将有助于英国和其他地方的博物馆更好地将这些雕像置于背景中并进行展示，并超越其作为“小艺术”的概念。来自前罗马时期意大利中部意大利的许愿青铜雕像，其中示意性雕像是一个亚组，以其数千件而闻名，在欧洲和北美的博物馆收藏中有很好的代表性。人们一直在努力对这些小雕像进行分类、确定年代和出处，它们被认为在著名的伊特鲁里亚金属加工传统中发挥了重要作用。不太知名的示意性雕像被包括在3最早的全面目录和分类系统的古意大利青铜许愿雕像，由乔瓦尼科隆纳汇编。现在大多数示意性雕像都是通过与科隆纳建立的工作室的关系来描述的，例如“埃斯奎林”组（86个雕像代表男性和女性的奉献者）;“诺切拉本影”组（大约170个雕像，一些代表男性和女性的奉献者，另一些代表火星的战士姿态）;和“福利尼奥”组（25个雕像，除了一个代表火星）。最近，四个愿图在翁布里亚社会结构的学术研究中占据了重要的地位。这些是针对特定地区的讨论，旨在更广泛地了解翁布里亚国家发展的历史。

My doctoral research project aims to develop our knowledge and understanding of schematic bronze figurines from pre-Roman Italy, using the collections available in British museums as a core data set. These simple anthropomorphic or zoomorphic bronzes are, at present, understudied, and their meanings and roles remain largely enigmatic. In view of this, my research project would seek to offer new insights into their development across time and space, as well as their ritual and social significance. This will also help museums, in Britain and elsewhere, to better contextualise and display these figurines, and to move beyond their conceptualisation as 'minor art'. Votive bronze figurines from pre-Roman central Italy, of which schematic figurines are a subgroup, are known in their thousands, and are well represented in museum collections in both Europe and North America. Efforts have been made to catalogue, date, and provenance Italic 1 votive figurines, and they are considered as playing an important part in the celebrated 2 Etruscan metalworking tradition. The less well-known schematic figurines are included in 3 the earliest comprehensive catalogue and classification system of Archaic Italian bronze votive figurines, compiled by Giovanni Colonna. Most schematic figurines are now described by affinity to the workshops Colonna established, such as the 'Esquiline' Group (86 figurines representing male and female offerers); the 'Nocera Umbra' Group (circa 170 figurines, some representing male and female offerers, others representing Mars in a warrior stance); and the 'Foligno' Group (25 figurines, all but one representing Mars). More recently, schematic 4 votive figurines have occupied an important place in academic work dealing with Umbrian social structure. These are region-specific discussions in the service of a wider quest for 5 understanding the history of state development in Umbria.