Resilience on the individual and community level in the face of adversity - an ethnographic approach to shed light on current controversies around PTS

跨文化的创伤后应激障碍存在争议（例如Gilmoor等人，2019）。GMH内的许多研究都集中在疾病和病理上（例如Ng等人，2019），很少关注人群的恢复力。世卫组织最近在逆境中支持自助和复原力的举措（如Epping-Jordan等人，2016年）似乎很有希望（如Tol等人，2020年）。然而，变化很小，而且随着时间的推移会逐渐减少。需要更多的背景研究来探索如何利用个人和社区的复原力和应对能力，这反过来又有可能为GMH的新一波社会心理干预提供信息。大多数关于创伤的研究都是在人道主义背景下进行的（例如Jordans等人，2012）。然而，在中低收入国家的非人道主义环境中，创伤性事件的暴露程度很高：kcl领导的多国资产项目的初步调查结果表明，创伤性事件的暴露程度很高（个人沟通，Charlotte Hanlon）。由于研究结果显示创伤后应激障碍的水平相对较低（4.4%），因此需要更深入地了解中低收入人群对创伤的反应（Hanlon & Jordans, 2020）。我提出的博士项目将以ASSET项目的发现为基础。人种学方法学将用于解释低创伤症状，尽管高暴露。更深入地了解个人和社区的复原力有望改善社会心理干预的设计，从而产生具有文化意义的结果。

There is a controversy around PTSD across cultures (e.g. Gilmoor et al., 2019). Many studies within GMH have focused on disorder and pathology (e.g. Ng et al., 2019), with little attention given to the resilience of populations. Recent WHO initiatives to support self-help and resilience in the face of adversity (e.g. Epping-Jordan et al., 2016) seem promising (e.g. Tol et al., 2020). However, changes are small and tend to diminish over times. More contextual research is needed to explore how resilience and coping of individuals and communities may be harnessed, which, in turn, has potential to inform the new wave of psychosocial interventions in GMH. Most research on trauma has been conducted in humanitarian settings (e.g. Jordans et al., 2012). However, there is high exposure to traumatic events in non-humanitarian settings in LMICs: preliminary findings of the multi-country KCL-led ASSET project suggest high exposure to traumatic events (personal communication, Charlotte Hanlon). As results have indicated relatively low levels of PTSD (4.4%), a deeper understanding of response to trauma in LMICs is needed (Hanlon & Jordans, 2020). My proposed PhD project will build on the findings of the ASSET project. Ethnographic methodology will be used to explain low trauma symptoms despite high exposure. A more indepth understanding of resilience of individuals and communities is expected to improve the design of psychosocial interventions that produce culturally meaningful outcomes.