Supportive Behaviors to Assist in Smoking Cessation

描述(由申请人提供)： 社会支持是戒烟过程中一个重要但经常被忽视的因素。具体地说，社会支持被发现在成功戒烟尝试中发挥了关键作用，但在针对吸烟者的干预措施中增加社会支持成分的努力尚未奏效。因此，一个挑战是如何优化社会支持在戒烟中的作用。此外，为了达到最大的效果，吸烟干预需要接触到尽可能多的吸烟者。直接招募和干预支持人员作为戒烟的变革推动者，代表着与几乎只关注吸烟者的传统干预措施的转变。作为第一步，需要一个有效的测量工具来量化和描述帮助吸烟者戒烟的支持行为。现有的戒烟支持措施主要是为了解决吸烟者收到和报告的支持性行为。以前还没有开发出由支持人员完成评估由支持人员向吸烟者提供的吸烟特定支持行为的措施。目前的建议建立在我们之前工作的基础上，我们开发并获得了关于提供支持措施的初步数据，这是一份自我报告问卷，旨在评估支持人员向吸烟者提供的特定于吸烟的支持行为。 这项研究将随机抽取在梅奥诊所就诊的吸烟患者，以评估提供的支持措施和为戒烟而获得的社会支持的补充措施的有效性和重测可靠性，该措施是由吸烟者设计的。随机抽取在过去12个月内就诊的已婚成年梅奥诊所患者，他们的医疗记录中有目前吸烟的迹象，他们将被邮寄一份调查问卷，由确定的吸烟者及其配偶填写。调查的目标是获得400对吸烟者/配偶的回复。 在收到最初完成的调查资料包两周后，将从那些返回最初邮寄问卷(目标为60对吸烟者/配偶)的人中随机抽样发送第二份调查资料包(仅提供支持和收到支持的措施)，以确定这两项措施的重测可靠性。 本研究的主要目的是：1)评估支持提供量表和支持接受量表的同时效度；2)确定两个量表的因素结构；3)评估两个量表在两周时间内的重测信度。次要目标是评估所提供的支助与所接受的支助措施之间的关联程度，并审查吸烟者和配偶的人口和心理社会特征以及烟草使用变量与这两项措施的初始分数之间的关系。在未来的研究中，我们将扩展对非配偶提供的支持行为的测量。提供和接受的有效支持措施的可用性将促进干预措施的发展，并将允许评估支持作为戒烟干预试验的协变量。这项研究的结果将作为NIH未来提交的检查社会支持和戒烟的文件的基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Social support is an important but frequently under-examined factor in smoking cessation. Specifically, social support has been found to play a key role in successful smoking quit attempts, but efforts to add a social support component to interventions targeting the smoker have not been effective. Thus, a challenge is how to optimize the role of social support in smoking cessation. Moreover, for greatest impact, smoking interventions need to reach as many cigarette smokers as possible. Directly recruiting and intervening with support persons as change agents for smoking cessation represents a shift from conventional interventions that focus almost exclusively on the smoker. As a first step, a validated measurement tool is needed for the quantification and characterization of support behaviors that assist a smoker's effort to quit smoking. Existing measures of support for smoking cessation have been primarily designed to address supportive behaviors received and reported by the smoker. No previous measure has been developed for completion by a support person to assess smoking-specific support behaviors provided by a support person, to a smoker. The current proposal builds on our previous work where we developed and obtained preliminary data on the Support Provided Measure, a self-report questionnaire designed to assess smoking-specific support behaviors provided by a support person to a smoker. This study will enroll a random sample of smoking patients seen at the Mayo Clinic to assess the validity and test-retest reliability of the Support Provided Measure and a complementary measure of social support received for smoking cessation, the Support Received Measure, designed to be completed by a cigarette smoker. A random sample of married, adult, Mayo Clinic patients seen for any medical appointment in the previous 12-month period, with current cigarette smoking indicated in their medical record, will be mailed a survey packet of questionnaires designed to be completed by the identified smoker and their spouse. The goal is to obtain responses from 400 smoker/spouse pairs. Two weeks following receipt of the initial completed survey packet, a random sample of those returning the initial mailed questionnaires (goal of 60 smoker/spouse pairs) will be sent a second survey packet (Support Provided and Support Received Measures only) to determine the test-retest reliability of these two measures. The primary aims of this study are 1) to assess the concurrent validity of the Support Provided Measure and the Support Received Measure; 2) to determine the factor structure of both measures; and 3) to assess the test-retest reliability of the measures over a 2-week period. Secondary aims are to assess the degree of association between the Support Provided and Support Received Measures and to examine the association of smoker and spouse demographic and psychosocial characteristics and tobacco-use variables with initial scores on both measures. In future studies, we will extend measurement of supportive behaviors provided to non-spouses. The availability of validated measures of support provided and received will facilitate intervention development and will allow the assessment of support as a covariate in smoking cessation intervention trials. Results of this study will serve as a building block for future NIH submissions examining social support and smoking cessation.