Suprapontine Control of Micturition

在超出所提供的空间的情况下，尿液的储存和定期释放由中枢神经系统(CNS)的多个层次控制，包括腰椎脊髓、脑桥、下丘脑、皮质下核和大脑皮层。各种证据表明，排尿反射的兴奋性副交感神经成分依赖于起源于脑桥(“脑桥排尿中心”-PMC)的脊髓上通路，并将下行纤维发送到骶髓。这项研究的目的是利用现代神经解剖学、神经药理学和神经生理学技术，对调节排尿反射通路的桥脑和桥上结构进行详细分析。本研究的目的是：1)利用电刺激，确定大脑皮层、下丘脑和下丘脑邻近区域中调节膀胱反射的部位。2)观察电刺激阳性反应(抑制或易化)部位微量注射L-谷氨酸的作用。3)详细研究下丘脑和皮质部位对等长节律性膀胱收缩的调节作用，b)排尿测膀胱图(CMG)，c)经下腹神经向膀胱的交感神经输入，d)尿外括约肌的肌电图，e)反射诱发的对盆腔神经刺激的活动，f)PMC和盆神经传出水平的单单位和多单位活动。4)应用免疫组织化学技术，确定可能的神经递质介导这些桥上部位的调节作用，并在这些研究之后进行神经药理学研究，以确定这些假定的神经递质的激动剂和拮抗剂对调节作用的影响。5)确定电刺激膀胱传入后，脑桥和桥上结构(特别是皮质和下丘脑)中表达癌基因C-LOS的神经元的位置。这项研究中获得的信息不仅将为排尿途径提供一个更完整的线路图，而且还可能建议对排尿行为进行可能的药物修饰。表演网站========================================Section End===========================================

EXCEED THE SPACE PROVIDED, The storage and periodic release of urine is controlledfrom several levels of the central nervous system (CNS) includingthe lumbosacral spinal cord, rostral pons, hypothalamus, subcotical nuclei,and the cerebral cortex. Various evidence indicates that the excitatory parasympathetic component of the mictudtion reflex is dependent upon supraspinal pathway originatingin the rostral pons ("pontinemicturition center" - PMC) and sending descending fibers to the sacral spinal cord. The studies outlined in the present proposal are designed to provide a detail analysis, using modem neuroanatomical, neuropharmacological and neurophysisologicaltechniques, of pontine and suprapontine structures which modulate the micturitionreflex pathway.The aims of this proposed research are: t) To determine, usingelectrical stimulation, sites withinthe cortex, hypothalamus, and areas adjacent to hypothalamus which modulate bladder rreflexes. 2) To examine the effects of L-glutamate microinjected into those sites which give positive results (either inhibitionor facilitation)with electrical stimulation. (L-glutamate witl be used here as pharmacological tool to determine whether cell bodies or axons-in-passage are being activated by the electrical stimulation - L-glutamate being active onlyat cell bodies.) 3) To study in detail the modulation by hypothalamic and cortical sites on: a) isometric rhythmic bladder contractions, b) voiding cystometrogram (CMG), c) sympathetic input to bladder via the hypogastricnerve, d) electromyogram (EMG) of the external urethral sphincter, e) reflex evoked activityto pelvic nerve stimulationand f) single and multiunit activity at the level of the PMC and pelvic nerve efferents. 4) To determine usingimmuno- histochemical techniques the possibleneurotransmitters which mediate modulation by these suprapontine sites, and to followthese studies with neuropharmacological studies to determine the effects of agonistand especially antagonist of these putative neurotransmitters mediating the modulatory effects. 5) To determine the location of neurons in pontine and suprapontine structures (especially cortical and hypothalamic sites) which express the oncogene C-los to electrical stimulationof bladder afferents. The informationgained in this studywill not onlyprovide a much more complete wiring diagram for the micturition pathway but may also suggest possible pharmacological modificationof the act of micturition. PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================