Nanoscale quantum physics and quantum information processing with electrons and atoms in semiconductor quantum dots

纳米尺度半导体结构在量子信息处理、能量收集和光子学中的潜在应用被积极地研究。量子点，被称为人造原子，是纳米尺寸的半导体晶体，能够容纳单个电子。这些纳米结构对于量子信息处理硬件特别有前途：电子的量子化磁态可以用于存储和处理信息，其效率是任何经典数字计算机都无法达到的，而发达的半导体技术和小尺寸的量子点为大规模集成量子电路提供了途径。半导体纳米技术的最新突破导致了新型量子点的开发。与前几代不同，这些新的砷化镓纳米结构没有内部应变，允许晶体原子的量子磁态用于信息存储和处理。该项目的目的是通过实验探索量子热力学的基础物理，这些独特的纳米结构中的多体量子相干和纠缠。利用这些知识，该项目将继续开发原型量子点设备，利用电子和原子的磁性状态进行量子信息处理协议。

Nanoscale semiconductor structures are actively studied for potential applications in quantum information processing, energy harvesting, and photonics. Quantum dots, known as artificial atoms, are nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals capable of holding individual electrons. These nanostructures are particularly promising for quantum information processing hardware: the quantized magnetic states of the electrons can be used to store and process information with efficiency inaccessible to any classical digital computer, while the well-developed semiconductor technologies and the small size of the quantum dots offer pathways to large-scale integrated quantum circuits. Recent breakthroughs in semiconductor nanotechnology resulted in development of a new type of quantum dots. Unlike the previous generations, these new gallium arsenide nanostructures are free from internal strain, allowing the quantum magnetic states of the crystal atoms to be used for information storage and processing. The aim of this project is to explore experimentally the fundamental physics of quantum thermodynamics, many-body quantum coherence and entanglement in these unique nanostructures. Using this knowledge, the project will proceed towards development of prototype quantum dot devices that exploit magnetic states of electrons and atoms for quantum information processing protocols.