The Relationship between informal caregiving, wellbeing and health behaviour over the lifecourse.

在英国，估计约有700万人是非正式照顾者，约占经济贡献的1190亿GB。一些调查表明，照顾孩子与更高的疾病负担之间存在关联。然而，证据往往是基于在成年早期忽视照顾的小规模横断面研究，或者没有考虑照顾的回报方面。为了解决这些知识差距，拟议的研究旨在调查非正式照料、幸福感和照顾者在生命过程中的健康行为之间的关系。目标包括：1.评估非正式照料对青年照顾者(10-15岁)、青年照顾者(16-29岁)、成年照顾者(30-50岁)和老年照顾者(50岁以上)幸福感和健康行为轨迹的影响。确定护理经验在幸福感和健康行为方面的其他保护和有害特征，这可能解释健康差异。评估2020/21年新冠肺炎大流行对照顾者和非照顾者在整个生命阶段的幸福感和健康行为轨迹的影响。将努力-回报-不平衡模型应用于护理体验，并检验努力-回报-不平衡是否改变了照顾、幸福感和结果之间的关系。5.通过估计进入和退出照顾对幸福感和健康行为轨迹的影响，检验照顾和结果衡量之间的因果关系。为了实现这一目标，将使用来自英国家庭纵向研究和英国老龄化纵向研究以及相应的新冠肺炎子研究的现有数据进行二次数据分析。这些数据集包含有关照顾强度、照顾者和接受者之间的关系以及其他特征的信息。数据将使用先进的量化技术进行分析，如增长曲线模型、分段增长曲线模型。生命过程方法直接与欲望途径联系在一起，并将导致大量知识增长，因为研究照看经验对健康行为的影响是独创的。同样，努力-回报-不平衡在照看方面的应用是新颖的，对照看的回报方面的关注将使我们能够从不同的角度来研究照看。

In the UK, around 7 million people are estimated to be Informal caregivers which accounts for around £119 billion in economic contributions. Some investigations have suggested an association between caregiving and a higher disease burden. However, evidence is often based on small, cross-sectional studies that neglected caregiving in the earlier adult life or failed to consider the rewarding aspects of caregiving. To address these knowledge gaps, the proposed research aims to investigate the relationship between informal caregiving, well-being and health behaviours of caregivers over the lifecourse. Objectives include:1. Estimating the effect of informal caregiving on the trajectories of well-being and health behaviours in young carers (10-15 years old), young adult carers (16-29 yo), adult carers (30-50 yo) and older adult carers (50+).2. Identifying other protective and harmful characteristics of the caregiving experience on well-being and health behaviour that might explain health differences.3. Assessing the period effect of the 2020/21 COVID-19 pandemic on the trajectories of wellbeing and health behaviour of caregivers compared to non-caregivers across life stage.4. Applying the effort-reward-imbalance model to the caregiving experience and testing whether effort-reward-imbalance modifies the relationship between caregiving, well-being and outcomes. 5. Examining causal inference between caregiving and outcome measures by estimating the effect of transitions into and out of caregiving on trajectories in wellbeing and health behaviours.To achieve this, a secondary data analysis will be performed using existing data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing as well as their corresponding COVID-19 substudies. These data sets contain information on caregiving intensity, relationship between caregiver and recipient and other characteristics. Data will be analysed using advanced quantitative techniques, such as Growth curve models, piece-wise growth-curve modelThe lifecourse approach links directly to the desires pathway and will result in a substantial knowledge gain because investigating the effect of the caregiving experience on health behaviour is original. Likewise, the application of the effort-reward-imbalance on caregiving is novel and the focus on the rewarding aspects of caregiving will enable to investigate caregiving from a different perspective.Relevance for policy and research.