New Observations of the Inner Heliosphere: from Fundamental Physics to Space Weather

我们现在正在过渡到一个“数据丰富”的时代，我们探索日光层，以及太阳膨胀的等离子体大气，太阳风，如何影响地球的空间天气。长期的太阳和太阳风观测与最近发射的帕克太阳探测器和太阳轨道器飞行任务相结合，将在水星轨道内进行访问，这为研究湍流和重连等基本物理过程以及改进对地球空间天气的定量了解提供了前所未有的机会。高雷诺数太阳风是一个用于原位研究湍流的大型天然实验室，帕克太阳探测器和太阳轨道飞行器将在太阳风从日冕附近向地球轨道演变的过程中对其进行扫描。该项目将涉及了解、模拟和调整当前的数据分析方法，以便将其应用于丰富多样的现场和地面空间等离子体观测。它将涉及结合非线性等离子体物理学与观察的不同性质及其不确定性的仔细理解。

We are now transitioning to a 'data rich' era in our exploration of the heliosphere and how the sun's expanding plasma atmosphere, the solar wind, affects space weather at earth. The combination of long-standing solar and solar wind observations with recently launched Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter missions that will visit within the orbit of Mercury provide unprecedented opportunities both for the study of fundamental physical processes such as turbulence and reconnection, and for improved quantitative insights into space weather at earth. The high Reynolds number solar wind is a large-scale natural laboratory for the study of turbulence in-situ, and Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter will scan the solar wind as it evolves from the vicinity of the solar corona to earth orbit. The project will involve understanding, modelling and adapting current data analytics methods to apply them to the rich and varied classes of in-situ and ground based space plasma observations. It will involve combining nonlinear plasma physics with a careful understanding of the varied nature of the observations and their uncertainties.