ULF Waves and inner-magnetosphere wave-particle interactions: modelling satellite and ground-based observations

主要目标是利用加拿大和国际知名卫星飞行任务的数据，约束和验证预测地球磁层超低频等离子体波全球分布所造成的空间天气的先进计算机模型。这些波在磁暴的恢复阶段特别强烈，并导致大量的大气加热和电离，离子流出，以及高能粒子散射到大气中。这种散射是地球辐射带的一种重要损失机制。将开发计算机模型，以回答有关内磁层和极光区粒子加速以及影响高纬度中性大气层和电离层的过程的基本问题。这些模型将用于解释加拿大地面磁力计阵列、光学和粒子成像仪、高频雷达以及甚低频和全球定位系统接收器对超低频波和带电粒子降水的观测。 预期的成果是新的建模能力，以评估ULF波如何驱动空间天气，影响卫星，电网和在暴露于太阳辐射的空间区域工作的宇航员。该方法涉及开发模拟代码，用于求解描述等离子体波通过磁层、电离层和中性大气的传播、俯仰角扩散以及漂移和漂移反弹共振波-粒子相互作用的复杂物理方程组。开发一个全球波模型，再加上一个实际的随时间变化的电离层和中性大气层，将有助于对影响辐射带加速和损失的冷等离子体动态进行遥感。这个模型，沿着与其他模型，将被用来预测全球性的超低频波，激发外部的太阳风的直接作用，并作为内部磁层等离子体不稳定性的结果。这些模型还将用于了解ULF波如何通过地磁场对准电流和随时间变化的霍尔和彼得森电流与电离层耦合。还将研究将带电粒子散射和加速进入极光区的高频哨声和动力尺度阿尔芬波。这些研究将利用以前开发的动力学弗拉索夫和射线跟踪模拟模型。拟议的超低频波研究与美国航天局货车艾伦探测器和THEMIS任务以及加拿大增强型极地外流探测器和欧洲SWARM任务的目标一致。他们还与新的加拿大航天局地面GO-Canada计划保持一致。第二个目标是利用开发等离子体模拟代码的经验来了解太阳风与月球和彗星的相互作用。计划进行的培训旨在吸引和激励新一代的空间科学家。**

The primary objective is to use data from high profile Canadian and international satellite missions to constrain and validate advanced computer models that predict space weather resulting from a global distribution of ultra low frequency (ULF) plasma waves in Earth's magnetosphere. These waves are particularly intense in the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms and cause substantial atmospheric heating and ionization, ion outflows, and scattering of energetic particles to the atmosphere. This scattering represents a significant loss mechanism for Earth's radiation belts. Computer models will be developed to answer fundamental questions about particle acceleration in the inner magnetosphere and auroral zone, and about processes affecting the high latitude neutral atmosphere and ionosphere. The models will be used to interpret observations of ULF waves and charged particle precipitation made by Canadian ground-based arrays of magnetometers, optical and particle imagers, HF-radar, and VLF and GPS receivers.   The expected outcome is new modelling capabilities to assess how ULF waves drive space weather affecting satellites, power grids, and astronauts working in regions of space exposed to solar radiation. The methodology involves development of simulation codes that solve complex systems of physical equations describing plasma wave propagation through the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and neutral atmosphere, pitch-angle diffusion, and drift- and drift-bounce-resonance wave-particle interactions. The development of a global wave model coupled with a realistic time-dependent ionosphere and neutral atmosphere will facilitate remote sensing of cold plasma dynamics affecting acceleration and loss in the radiation belts. This model, along with other models, will be used to predict global properties of ULF waves that are excited externally by the direct action of the solar wind, and internally as a result of inner magnetosphere plasma instabilities. The models will also be used to understand how ULF waves couple with the ionosphere via geomagnetic field-aligned currents and time-dependent Hall and Pedersen currents. Higher frequency whistler and kinetic scale Alfven waves that scatter and accelerate charged particles into the auroral zone will also be investigated. These studies will make use of previously developed kinetic Vlasov and ray-tracing simulation models. The proposed studies on ULF waves are aligned with objectives of the NASA Van Allan Probes and THEMIS missions, and the Canadian Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe and European SWARM missions. They are also aligned with the new Canadian Space Agency ground-based GO-Canada program. A secondary objective is to utilize experience developing plasma simulation codes to understand solar wind interactions with the Moon and comets. Training that is planned is intended to attract and inspire a new generation of space scientists. **