STATE LEVEL AVAILABILITY AND ALCOHOL PROBLEMS

描述(由申请人提供)：经济、自然和人口方面的限制 酒精的可获得性(即酒精价格的上涨、酒精出口密度的降低和最低法定饮酒年龄的提高)与酒精的使用和相关问题有关。这些研究没有检查对经济、身体和人口可获得性的限制对酒精使用和相关问题的联合影响。没有一项研究全面审查了对可获得性的不同限制的相对贡献，也没有考虑到不同的监管政策是否会在不同的州产生不同的影响。在这个为期5年的项目中提出的研究将重新审查和扩展先前关于控制酒精供应、酒精使用和相关问题之间的关系的研究，以(1)评估酒精供应变化对酒精销售和相关问题的共同贡献，以及(2)确定相同的供应政策在不同的州是否具有相同或不同的影响。一项联邦税收政策可能会在各州减少2%的与酒精有关的车祸，但在一些州没有效果，在另一些州则有戏剧性的影响。有人会争辩说，这种差异是可以从可获得性、使用和问题之间的关系的简单表述中预测出来的。这项拟议的工作将构建一个州一级的数据集，其中包括48个州在大约30年(n x t=1,440)内对可获得性、酒精销售、自我报告的酒精使用以及与酒精相关的发病率和死亡率的经济、物理和人口限制的衡量标准。这些数据将被用来回答四个问题：(1)经济、物质和人口可获得性的变化对酒类销售变化的独立贡献是什么？(2)一种形式的可获得性(例如，经济)的影响是否取决于另一种形式(例如，物质的)？(3)经济、物质和人口可获得性的变化对酒精相关问题的变化的独立贡献是什么？(4)这些影响是“固定的”还是取决于饮酒人口的州一级特征？拟议工作的短期目标将是复制和扩大先前关于可获得性、用途和问题的研究。它还将评估可获得性的影响在多大程度上取决于彼此和其他国家一级的特征。这项研究的长期目标是支持各州具体的酒精政策建议。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Economic, physical, and demographic restrictions on the availability of alcohol (i.e., increases in the price of alcohol, reductions in alcohol outlet densities, and increases in minimum legal drinking age) have been related to alcohol use and related problems. These studies have not examined the joint effects of restrictions on economic, physical, and demographic availability on alcohol use and related problems. No studies have comprehensively examined the relative contributions of different restrictions on availability one to the other or considered whether different regulatory policies may have different effects in different states. The research proposed in this 5-year project will re-examine and extend prior studies of the relationships between controls on alcohol availability, alcohol use, and related problems to (1) assess the joint contributions of changes in availability upon alcohol sales and related problems and (2) determine whether the same availability policy has the same or different effects in different states. A federal tax policy may reduce alcohol-related crashes by 2 % across states, yet have no effect in some states and dramatic effects in others. It will be argued that such differences are predictable from simple formulations of the relationships between availability, use and problems. The proposed work will construct a state level dataset that includes measures of economic, physical, and demographic restrictions on availability, alcohol sales, self-reported alcohol use, and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality for 48 states over approximately 30 years (n x t = 1,440). These data will be used to answer four questions: (1) What are the independent contributions of changes in economic, physical, and demographic availability to changes in alcohol sales? (2) Are the effects of one form of availability (e.g., economic) conditional upon another (e.g., physical)? (3) What are the independent contributions of changes in economic, physical, and demographic availability to changes in alcohol related problems? (4) Are these effects "fixed" or are they conditional upon state level characteristics of drinking populations? The short-term goal of the proposed work will be to replicate and extend prior studies of availability, use and problems. It will also assess the degree to which the effects of availability are contingent upon one another and other state level characteristics. The long-term goals of the study are to support state-specific alcohol policy recommendations.