ALCOHOL OUTLETS AND UNDERAGE SALES

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精之间关系的实证研究 在成年人中，更大的出口密度与饮酒和与酒精有关的问题有关。关于酒类销售点、青少年饮酒和相关问题的文献并不发达，但表明未成年青少年可能自己购买酒类（通常是从场外销售点），通过他人安排购买，或通过其他社会手段获得酒类。在这些获得酒精的方式中，直接购买未成年人往往是成功的。如果酒精销售点的密度影响未成年人成功购买酒精的可能性，那么对这些销售点的监管可能是控制未成年人销售的有用策略。这项拟议中的研究试图回答三个问题：（1）酒精的实际可用性是否会影响年轻人中酒精相关问题的分布？(2)酒精的实际可用性是否会影响年轻人中与酒精有关的逮捕的分布？(3)酒精的实际供应是否影响青年获得酒精的模式？这些问题将通过对来自加州州的档案数据进行地统计分析，以及对来自该州具有高、中、低外部插座的地区的单个调查数据进行多层次分析来回答 密度 研究#1将检查青年人口分布，零售市场区域，酒精出口密度和与青年饮酒相关的住院治疗之间的空间和时间关系，超过1，493个邮政编码区域。研究#2将研究青年人口分布，零售市场区域，酒精出口密度和与青年使用酒精有关的逮捕之间的空间和时间关系，约413个警察管辖区超过13年。研究#3将使用一个基于地理的多层次模型，以检查出口密度和当地人口特征对青年获得酒精的自我报告模式的影响。这项研究的目的是了解酒精出口可能影响未成年人销售和相关问题的机制，并评估出口对青年问题的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Empirical studies of the relationships between alcohol outlets, alcohol use and related problems have demonstrated that greater outlet densities are related to drinking and alcohol-related problems among adults. The literature on alcohol outlets, youth alcohol use and related-problems is not as developed but indicates that underage youth may purchase alcohol themselves (usually from off-premise outlets), arrange purchases through others, or obtain alcohol by other social means. Among these modes of access to alcohol, direct underage purchases are often successful. If densities of alcohol outlets affect the likelihood that underage youth will successfully purchase alcohol, then regulation of these outlets may be a useful strategy to control underage sales. The proposed research seeks to answer three questions: (1) Does the physical availability of alcohol affect the distribution of alcohol-related problems among young people? (2) Does the physical availability of alcohol affect the distribution of alcohol-related arrests among young people? (3) Does the physical availability of alcohol affect patterns of youth access to alcohol? These questions will be answered through geostatistical analyses of archival data from the state of California and multilevel analyses of individual survey data from areas of the state with high, average and low off-premise outlet densities. Study #1 will examine the spatial and temporal relationships between youth population distributions, retail market areas, alcohol outlet densities, and hospitalizations related to youth use of alcohol across approximately 1,493 zip code areas over 13 years. Study #2 will examine the spatial and temporal relationships between youth population distributions, retail market areas, alcohol outlet densities, and arrests related to youth use of alcohol for about 413 police jurisdictions over 13 years. Study #3 will use a geographically based multilevel model to examine the effects of outlet densities and local population characteristics on self-reported patterns of youth access to alcohol. The goals of the study are to understand the mechanisms by which alcohol outlets may affect underage sales and related problems and to provide an assessment of the effects of outlets on youth problems.