Physical activity to improve mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged black and minority ethnic and refugee communities

在英国，每年有20%的青少年经历心理健康问题，其中压力是主要原因。青春期代表着快速的成长和发展，其特点是身体、情感和社会发生了许多变化。这些变化，加上来自学校、家庭、同龄人和社交媒体的社会压力，意味着今天的青少年比以往任何时候都更有压力。我们最近在青少年中的试点数据表明，通过更适应地应对压力的方式，体育活动与较低的焦虑和抑郁有关。因此，有必要采取干预措施，促进青少年定期的体育活动，以促进心理健康。重要的是要认识到，压力、心理健康和体育活动在社会上并不平均：来自少数族裔和/或低社会经济背景的青少年更有可能经历更多的压力和心理健康问题。最近伯明翰社区的一项BEP项目证实，压力、焦虑、抑郁以及寻求心理健康支持的比率在南亚青少年群体中非常普遍。该项目确定了参与支持心理健康的干预措施的障碍和促进者。该项目旨在为来自社会经济弱势BAMER社区的青少年开发体力活动干预，以通过增强对压力的适应性来改善心理健康。具体目标是：1)确定社会经济弱势BAMER社区青少年体力活动、压力和心理健康的决定因素。2)共同制作体力活动干预措施，以促进更好地应对压力，提高来自社会经济弱势BAMER社区青少年的心理健康。方法和技术本合作项目将在伯明翰霍奇希尔病房进行。该病房的社区代表了一个多样化的族裔人口，其中生活在贫困中的年轻人数量高于平均水平(例如，有大量儿童有权享受免费学校餐)。这一区的特点将增强该项目在伯明翰和英国其他地区的普遍性。根据以人为本的方法制定行为干预措施以促进健康(Yardley，2015)，将使用以下混合方法：1.调查问卷和青少年和其他利益攸关方(例如，父母、教师)的重点小组将审查来自社会经济不利的BAMER社区的青少年的体力活动、压力和心理健康的决定因素。2.利用研究1的信息和现有的体力活动干预措施，将通过一系列研讨会与青少年、家长和教师共同制定体力活动干预措施。讲习班将讨论提供干预的方法、持续时间、体力活动的类型以及支持行为改变的方法。评估联合制作的干预措施在青少年中的可行性和有效性。将使用定量和定性研究方法获得详细的反馈、参与者方案参与度和干预措施的效果。根据以前的调查结果，最终确定实施材料，作为BEP的标准实践，更广泛地传播，并完成博士论文。这一合作的主要预期结果将是一项体力活动干预，以支持来自英国各地BAMER社区的青少年的心理健康。

In the UK, 20% of adolescents experience mental health problems yearly, of which stress is a leading cause. The period of adolescence represents rapid growth and development characterised by numerous physical, emotional, and social changes. These changes alongside societal pressures from school, families, peers, and social media mean teenagers are more stressed today than they have ever been. Our recent pilot data in adolescents demonstrates that physical activity is associated with lower anxiety and depression, through more adaptive ways of coping with stress. Thus, there is a need for interventions to promote regular physical activity in adolescents to enhance mental health.It is important to recognise that stress, mental health, and physical activity are not equally distributed in society: adolescents from ethnic minorities and/or low socio-economic backgrounds are more likely to experience increased stress and mental health problems.A recent Birmingham community-based BEP project confirmed that stress, anxiety, depression, as well as low rates of seeking mental health support were highly prevalent in a population of South Asian adolescents. This project identified barriers and facilitators of engagement with interventions to support mental health. This project aims to develop a physical activity intervention for adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities to improve mental health by enhancing more adaptive coping with stress.The specific objectives are: 1) Identify the determinants of physical activity, stress, and mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities.2) Co-produce a physical activity intervention to foster better coping with stress to enhance mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities.Methodology and TechniquesThis collaborative project will be conducted in the Hodge Hill ward of Birmingham. The ward's communities represent a diverse ethnic population with an above average number of young people living in poverty (e.g., high number of children entitled to free school meals). The characteristics of this ward will enhance the generalisability of the project to other areas in Birmingham and the UK. In line with the person-based approach for the development of behavioural interventions to enhance health (Yardley, 2015), the following mixed-methods approach will be used: 1. Questionnaires and focus groups with adolescents and other stakeholders (e.g., parents, teachers) will examine determinants of physical activity, stress, and mental health in adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged BAMER communities. 2. Using information from Study 1 and existing physical activity interventions, the physical activity intervention will be co-developed with adolescents, parents, and teachers using a series of workshops. Workshops will address the intervention delivery method, duration, types of physical activity, and ways to support behaviour change.3. Assess the co-produced intervention's feasibility and effectiveness in adolescents. Detailed feedback, participant programme engagement, and effects of the interventions will be obtained using quantitative and qualitative research methods.4. Based on earlier findings, finalise implementation materials to be incorporated as BEP's standard practice, broader dissemination, and complete the PhD thesis. The main anticipated outcome from this collaboration will be a physical activity intervention to support mental health in adolescents from BAMER communities throughout the UK.