Orbitofrontal cortex mediation of emotion regulation

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案的目的是支持候选人发展必要的技能，以进行功能性磁共振成像(FMRI)研究，以调查眶前皮质在社交和情绪功能中的作用。培训部分包括指导健康参与者优化眼眶额叶皮质(OFC)血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号的技能发展，对局限性脑损伤进行神经放射学评估，以及将患有OFC损伤的神经心理学患者引入功能磁共振成像环境。对OFC的损害会导致情绪失调和社交不当行为。所获得的技能将允许在有和没有OFC神经输入的情况下研究情绪处理的神经机制。该研究计划探讨三个主要情绪过程的行为和神经机制：1)抑制无关的情绪材料；2)情绪配价(积极与消极)对情绪材料抑制的影响；3)情绪状态对注意和判断的影响。通过补充行为学和功能磁共振成像方法，这些研究将证明参与情绪调节的神经机制，包括正常人眼眶额叶皮质的神经动力学调节皮质和皮质下的脑区，以及这些动力学在眼眶额叶损伤后的重组。这项研究对于了解各种神经和心理障碍的情感症状至关重要。由于传统神经成像的方法学限制和难以建立患者队列，眼眶前额叶皮质调节情绪处理的研究不足且知之甚少。加州大学伯克利分校提供了完美的培训环境，因为它拥有一个致力于先进功能磁共振技术的多学科研究小组，以及一个既定的OFC损伤患者队列。拟议的研究和培训计划将为应聘者提供高度专业化的培训，并促进社会和情绪功能的神经生物学模型的发展，该模型可以在一系列神经和心理障碍的特定假设下应用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this proposal is to support the candidate's development of skills necessary to perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research to investigate the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in social and emotional functioning. The training component includes the mentored development of skills in optimizing blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in healthy participants, neuroradiology assessment of circumscribed brain lesions, and the introduction of neuropsychological patients with OFC damage into the fMRI environment. Damage to the OFC causes emotion dysregulation and socially inappropriate behavior. The acquired skills will allow for the investigation of neural mechanisms of emotion processing with and without the neural input of the OFC. The research plan proposes to investigate behavioral and neural mechanisms of three primary emotion processes: 1) inhibition of irrelevant emotional material; 2) the effect of emotional valence (positive vs. negative) on inhibition of emotional material; 3) the influence of mood-state on attention and judgment. Through complementary behavioral and fMRI methods, these studies will demonstrate the neural mechanisms involved in emotion regulation, including the neural dynamics of orbitofrontal cortex mediation of cortical and sub-cortical brain regions in healthy individuals and the reorganization of these dynamics after orbitofrontal damage. This research is crucial to the understanding of affective symptoms across a variety of neurological and psychological disorders. Orbitofrontal cortex mediation of emotion processing is under-researched and poorly understood because methodological constraints of traditional neuroimaging and difficulties establishing a patient cohort. The University of California at Berkeley provides the perfect training environment as it has a multidisciplinary group of researchers working on advanced fMRI techniques, as well as an established cohort of patients with OFC damage. The proposed research and training plan will provide highly specialized training for the candidate and facilitate the development of a neurobiological model of social and emotional functioning that can be applied with specific hypotheses across a spectrum of neurological and psychological disorders.