Manipulation of chloroplast density to enhance photosynthesis and nutritional value of tomato.

该项目的总体目标是控制叶绿体的发育和密度，以生产出色素含量更高、光合性能更好、产量更高、发育性能更快（即早熟）的番茄植株。我们还将确定质体数量在水果有机化合物封存、营养和采后质量、碳分配和“保质期”中的作用。叶绿体是至关重要的真核细胞器，它包含对能量产生重要的必要代谢途径。与野生型相比，叶绿体数量增加的转基因烟草植株光合色素含量也更高，光合速率提高了2倍以上，这表明可以通过改变叶绿体/质体密度来提高光合固碳和色素含量。该项目有以下目标：Obj1利用农杆菌介导的转化生产多种转基因番茄植株，其酶和蛋白质的组合被确定为操纵番茄光合组织和果实（色质体）中叶绿体发育、分裂和密度的目标。Obj2鉴定具有更高光合性能的植物，并在反映全球气候变化预期的环境条件下评估选定品系，以鉴定对环境波动具有高恢复力的植物。Obj3确定水果质量和大小、风味/香气和营养成分的变化。成功的候选人将在NIAB EMR工作，并在科学团队的友好氛围中工作，并具有帮助同事的精神。你将加入一个由38名博士生组成的队列，在肯特郡中心一个占地202公顷的地点。这项研究将得到NIAB EMR不断增长的设施的支持，这些设施正在作为UKRI的一部分进行升级，并于2020年获得NIAB EMR 1800万英镑的名额优势补助金。我们可以为新生和教职员工提供长达一年的住宿。

The overall aim of this project is to manipulate chloroplast development and density to produce tomato plants with higher pigment content, enhanced photosynthetic performance, increased yield, and faster developmental performance (i.e. early harvest). We will also determine the role of plastid number in fruit organic compound sequestration, nutritional and postharvest quality, carbon partitioning and 'shelf-life'. Chloroplasts are vital eukaryotic organelles that harbour essential metabolic pathways important to energy production. Transgenic tobacco plants manipulated to have higher numbers of chloroplasts also had higher photosynthetic pigment content and exhibited more than 2-fold higher rates of photosynthesis, compared to wild-type suggesting that improvements in photosynthetic carbon fixation and pigment content may be achieved by altering chloroplast/plastid density. The project has the following objectives: Obj1 Use Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to produce a variety of transgenic tomato plants with altered combinations of enzymes and proteins identified as targets for the manipulation of chloroplast development, division and density in the photosynthetic tissue and fruit (chromoplast) of tomato. Obj2 Identify plants with increased photosynthetic performance and evaluate selected lines under environmental conditions mirroring those expected from global climate change to identify plants with high resilience to environmental fluctuations. Obj3 Identify changes in fruit quality and size, flavour/aroma and nutritional components. The successful candidate will be based at NIAB EMR and work in a friendly atmosphere within the science teams with a spirit of helping colleagues. You will join a cohort of 38 PhD students on a site with 202 ha in the heart of Kent. This study would be supported by the growing facilities at NIAB EMR, which are being upgraded as part of the UKRI by an £18M Strength in Places Grant awarded to NIAB EMR in 2020. We can provide onsite accommodation for up to a year for new students and staff.