Solving the world's problems with data? Data professionals' work on technical solutions in professional competitions

对数字社会的社会学研究将基于数据的技术与新形式的监控（里昂2014; Diaz-Bone 2019），经济行为（Srnicek 2017）和权力（Beer 2009）的日益增长的相关性联系起来，通过算法和人工智能进行的有影响力的分类（Fourcade和Kluttz 2020）制定。尽管社会科学家已经研究了维护基于数据的技术的工作（Sachs 2020），以及数据科学作为一种新兴职业（Grommé et al. 2018），但对数据科学家如何应用他们的方法为社会问题提供技术解决方案的系统性研究仍然缺失（Housley，2021）。该项目将直接解决这一需求。主要研究问题包括：Q1）数据科学家如何将社会问题框架化并将其操作化为数据问题？Q2）利用了哪些类型的知识和分类，以及如何将其纳入基于数据的社会问题解决方案的生产过程？Q3：数据科学家如何使他们对社会问题的解释和方法合法化？

The sociological study of digital society associates the growing relevance of data-based technologies with new forms of surveillance (Lyon 2014; Diaz-Bone 2019), economic conduct (Srnicek 2017), and power (Beer 2009), enacted via impactful classifications (Fourcade and Kluttz 2020) done by algorithms and AI. Though social scientists have studied the work that maintains data-based technologies (Sachs 2020), and data science as an emergent profession (Grommé et al. 2018), a systematic inquiry into how data scientists apply their methods to produce technological solutions for social problems is still missing (Housley, 2021). This project will directly address this requirement.Key research questions include:Q1) How do data scientists frame and operationalise social problems as data problems?Q2) What kinds of knowledge and classifications are drawn on and how are they brought into the process of the production of data-based solutions to social problems?Q3) How do data scientists legitimize their interpretations and approaches to social problems?