How do cross-reactive memory B cells affect influenza vaccine titers?

流感疫苗经常更新，以防止高度变异的流感病毒。尽管仔细选择了疫苗病毒，但大多数流感疫苗仅提供适度的保护，并且某些年份的保护效果很差。反过来，对疫苗接种的反应因人而异。这可能反映了流感感染和疫苗接种的复杂和多变的历史。该项目调查过去的流感暴露如何影响疫苗反应和有效性。

Influenza vaccines are updated frequently to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. Despite careful selection of vaccine viruses, most influenza vaccines provide only modest protection and protection is poor some years. In turn, the response to vaccination varies between individuals. This probably reflects complex and variable histories of influenza infection and vaccination. The project investigates how past influenza exposure influences vaccine responses and effectiveness.