Sgr A*, our Galaxy's supermassive black hole

超大质量黑洞(BH)的研究仍然是当代天体物理学的前沿。BHS是极端重力和物理现象的同义词。它们的天体物理重要性在于，BHS在生长过程中释放出大量能量，强烈影响着它们所在的星系。然而，这些过程的详细运作方式尚不清楚。除了一个例子，观测还没有解决BHS吞噬其食物的小范围；我们也缺乏BH爆发与它们对星系造成的影响以及如何发生之间的因果关系信息。位于银河系中心的400万太阳质量的黑洞SgrA*是唯一的例外。它是离我们最近的BH物理实验室。虽然目前非常昏暗，但中士A*在大约600万年前经历了一次壮观的活动插曲，当时一颗巨大的气体云落到了它上面。由此产生的BH增长引发了强烈的外流，震惊了内星系的盘状物，并膨胀了垂直于盘状物的两个银河系规模的伽马射线发射叶。与此同时，数百颗年轻的大质量恒星在令人惊讶的小轨道上形成，以接近光速几分之一的速度围绕SgrA*旋转。我们小组在对SGR A*活动的理论和数值模拟研究方面处于领先地位，为2020年诺贝尔奖获得者R.Genzel小组在围绕SGR A*轨道运行的年轻恒星方面的工作提供了支持。在过去的十年里，观察家们为这一独特的BH活动增加了一个又一个重要的细节。在这个项目中，我们将对SGR A*的生长和反馈进行数值模拟。通过将模拟结果与大量观测约束进行比较，我们将创建迄今最详细的图像，了解在黑洞的直接环境中发生了什么，以及它的活动如何继续在银河系中回荡。我们项目的最终目标是创建一个详细的SGR A*近期(用银河的术语)增长、活动及其如何影响银河系的模型，范围从毫秒到几千秒。此外，利用银河系黑洞独特的数据质量，我们将研究一些迄今未被检验的黑洞增长和外部星系反馈的理论模型。这个项目的有力候选者将对理论天体物理和数值模拟感兴趣。不需要之前的高性能计算经验。将提供公开提供的软件和内部创建的软件。

Studies of Supermassive Black Holes (BH) remain at the forefront of contemporary astrophysics. BHs are synonymous with extreme gravity and physical phenomena. Their astrophysical importance lies in the fact that BHs release vast amounts of energy when they grow, strongly affecting their host galaxies. However, how these processes operate in detail is not understood. Except for one example, observations do not yet resolve the small scales on which BHs devour its food; we also lack causality information between BH outbursts and what they do to the galaxies, and how. Sgr A*, the 4 Million Solar mass BH in the centre of the Milky Way, is the unique exception. It is the closest to us laboratory of BH physics. Although presently very dim, Sgr A* went through a spectacular activity episode ~ 6 Million years ago when a massive gas cloud fell onto it. The resulting BH growth launched powerful outflows that shocked the inner Galaxy's disc, and inflated two Galaxy-scale gamma-ray emitting lobes perpendicular to the disc. In parallel to this, hundreds of young massive stars formed on surprisingly small orbits, whizzing about Sgr A* at speeds approaching a few percent of speed of light. Our group has led the way in theoretical and numerical simulations studies of Sgr A* activity, providing support to the group of 2020 Nobel prize winner R. Genzel in their work on young stars orbiting Sgr A*. During the last decade observers added one important detail to another on this unique example of BH activity. In this project we shall perform numerical simulations of Sgr A* growth and feedback. By comparing simulation results to a multitude of observational constraints we will create the most detailed yet picture of what happened in the immediate environment of our BH, and how its activity continues to reverberate through the Galaxy. The end goal of our project is to create a detailed model of Sgr A* recent (in Galaxy's terms) growth, activity, and how it affected the Galaxy on scales from a milli-parsec to many kilo-parsecs. In addition, utilising the unique quality of data for the BH in the Milky Way, we shall investigate a number of so far untested theoretical models for BH growth and feedback in external galaxies. A strong candidate for this project will be interested in theoretical astrophysics and numerical simulations. No prior high performance computing experience is expected. Both public available and in house created software will be provided.