BACTERIAL SOLUTE TRANSPORTERS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR SUGAR

细菌对抗生素的耐药性是一个新出现的问题，由于传染病化疗的有效性受到影响，它构成了一个严重的临床公共卫生问题。为了帮助规避细菌的抗生素耐药性问题，首先必须了解问题的严重程度。然而，人们还不知道耐抗生素细菌在农业中有多普遍。缺乏监测数据在奶牛场尤为明显，也不清楚各种调节剂，如阿司匹林的一种成分和已知的多重抗生素耐药(Mar)基因的模型调节剂，在多大程度上影响细菌分离株的多重耐药性。其他调节剂包括有机溶剂、氧化应激剂和家用消毒剂。长期目标是从监测和系统发育的角度充分了解细菌抗生素耐药性问题的严重性，以便消除农业中耐药微生物的储藏库，并找到更好的治疗方法。这项应用的目的是确定奶牛养殖场内哪些区域存在内在或诱导的抗生素耐药性，并确定调节耐药性决定因素的系统发育关系。中心假设是乳制品 养殖场已经存在多重耐药细菌，或者已知的相关调节剂会导致多重耐药。这一假设的基本原理是，一旦知道在农业中，如奶牛场，内在和可诱导的细菌多药耐药性是如何在系统发育中广泛存在的，就有可能采取措施来减少抗生素疗效有限的问题。具体目标1：确定奶牛养殖场土壤中固有的和诱导的抗生素耐药细菌的存在。具体目标2：确定来自奶牛场的水源和牛奶是否含有对临床相关抗生素具有抗药性的细菌。具体目标3：确定奶牛挤奶站分离的细菌对临床相关抗生素的耐药性程度。预计拟议的实验将加强我们对农业环境中细菌抗生素耐药性问题的程度和性质的了解，例如奶牛场。这是第一次提出从生物信息学的角度检查乳品土壤中细菌的抗生素耐药性的研究。不同奶牛场环境(土壤、水和设施)的系统研究和内在环境分析 与可诱导的耐药性相比，这项研究具有创新性，因为存在帮助减少从农场动物传播给人类的感染的潜力。

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem and poses a severe clinical public health concern due to compromised effectiveness of chemotherapy for infectious diseases. In order to help circumvent the problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance, it is first necessary to know the extent of the problem. Yet, is it not understood how widespread antibiotic resistant bacteria are in agriculture. The lack of surveillance data is especially evident in dairy farms, it is also unknown to what extent various modulators, such as salycilate, a component of aspirin and known model modulator of multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) genes, influence multidrug resistance in bacterial isolates. Other modulators include organic solvents, oxidative stress agents and household disinfectants. The long term goal is to comprehend fully the severity of the problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance from both surveillance and phylogenetic standpoints, in order to eliminate the reservoir of resistant microorganisms in agriculture and to find better means of treatment. The objective of this application is to determine which areas within dairy farms harbor intrinsic or inducible antibiotic resistance and to determine phylogenetic relationships for modulated resistance determinants. The central hypothesis is that dairy farms already harbor multidrug resistant bacteria or that known relevant modulators induce multidrug resistance. The rationale for the hypothesis is that once it is known how widespread intrinsic and inducible bacterial multidrug resistances are present phylogenetically in agriculture, such as dairy farms, it will be possible to invoke measures to reduce the problem of the limited efficacy of antibiotics. Specific Aim 1: Identify the occurrence of intrinsic versus inducible antibiotic resistant bacteria in dairy farm soil. Specific Aim 2: Establish whether water sources and milk from dairy farms harbor bacteria resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics. Specific Aim 3: Establish the extent of bacterial resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics in bacterial isolates from dairy milking stations. It is anticipated that the proposed experiments will enhance our understanding of the extent and nature of the bacterial antibiotic resistance problem in agricultural settings, such as dairy farms. This is the first study that proposes to examine bacterial antibiotic resistance in dairy soil from a bioinformatics standpoint. The systematic study of various dairy farm environments (soil, water and facilities) and the analyses of intrinsic versus inducible resistance make this study innovative, as the potential exists for helping to reduce infections transmitted from farm animals to humans.