Integrating social and ecological approaches for sustainable food production and biodiversity management: the case of Orkney farmers and Greylag Goose

在当前人口增长的情况下，协调有韧性和可持续的粮食生产与生物多样性保护这两大可持续发展支柱仍然是一项全球性挑战。一方面，不断增加的粮食需求涉及可能导致生物多样性退化的集约化做法。另一方面，生物多样性管理涉及保护状态（物种或栖息地），以遵守国际协议（欧盟栖息地和鸟类指令，全球可持续发展目标）。这种保护数字对其他同域物种和粮食生产等人类活动也有影响。例如，造成作物损害或增加减轻损害的费用。由于缺乏综合的社会生态视角，我们在支持可持续农业、增强小农权能和促进生物多样性保护时，被迫进行昂贵而危险的追赶游戏。为了克服这一问题，我们将与《自然·苏格兰》合作，开发一种新的社会生态方法，将物种动态与利益相关者的社会信息结合起来，同时在一个监测良好的系统中考虑不确定性（Reid 2018, Duthie 2018）：奥克尼农民和灰雁。在过去的30年里，在苏格兰越冬的灰雁种群已经稳步向北转移，它们的分布也在不断增加，这导致了由于作物受损而与当地农民的冲突，并引起了对同域物种潜在影响的担忧（Mitchell 2014）。需要战略性的跨界管理，以减轻粮食生产损害和对同域物种的潜在影响，同时维持鹅的种群。这将通过多学科方法实施，结合生态学的最先进的定量方法和计算工具以及社会科学的利益相关者参与方法。项目目标：综述现有的社会生态信息整合方法。-影响和塑造利益相关者的参与过程，以实现对灰雁种群管理的共同愿景。-通过包括：利益相关者反馈、跨界多智能体用户模型、多物种资源模型和/或部分迁移资源模型来扩展和完善现有模型（例如GMSE）。开发向学术界、利益相关者、政策制定者和公众传达综合社会生态管理复杂性的新方法

Under the current scenario of human population increase, reconciling resilient and sustainable food production and biodiversity conservation, two of the pillars of sustainable development, remains a global challenge. On the one hand, increasing food demands involves intensification practices which can lead to biodiversity degradation. On the other hand, biodiversity management involves protection statuses (for species or habitats) to comply with international agreements (EU Habitats and Birds Directives, global Sustainable Development Goals). Such protection figures have impacts in other sympatric species and human activities, such food production. For instance, causing crop damage or increased damage mitigation costs. Because an integrated social-ecological perspective is lacking, we are forced to play expensive and dangerous catch-up games when supporting sustainable agriculture, empowering small farmers and promoting biodiversity conservation. To overcome this problem, in partnership with Nature Scot we will develop a novel social-ecological approach that integrates species dynamics with stakeholder social information while accounting for uncertainty (Reid 2018, Duthie 2018) in a well monitored system: Orkney farmers and Greylag Goose. During the last 30 years, Greylag Goose populations overwintering in Scotland have steadily shifted northward their distribution and increased their numbers, leading to conflicts with local farmers due to crop damage and raising concerns about potential effects on sympatric species (Mitchell 2014). Strategic transboundary management is needed to mitigate food production damage and potential effects in sympatric species whilst maintaining goose populations. This will be implemented through a multidisciplinary approach, combining state-of-the-art quantitative methods and computational tools from ecology and stakeholder participatory approaches from social sciences. Project objectives are--To review existing methods integrating social-ecological information.-To influence and shape stakeholder participatory processes aiming towards a shared vision forgreylag goose population management.-To expand and inform existing models (e.g. GMSE) by including: stakeholder feedback, transboundary multi agent user model, multi species resource model and/or partially migratory resource model.To develop novel ways of communicating integrated social-ecological management complexity to academics, stakeholders, policy makers and general public