Childbirth Beyond Female Gender Identity: Freud and the Futurists

长期以来，生育一直被认为是女性的专有权力或负担。然而，生殖技术的最新发展以及变性人和双性人分娩的现实要求重新审查生育和性别认同之间的关系。在文学和精神分析批评中对这种关系的质疑越来越多的基础上，我的研究为这些重要的辩论提供了原始的历史基础。具体地说，我考察了弗洛伊德精神分析和未来主义文学对现代主义生殖话语的整体贡献，解释了他们的工作如何使出生的性别复杂化，以及这些现代主义辩论如何为当前的话语提供了一个至关重要的历史先例。我的研究问题是：弗洛伊德和未来主义者在多大程度上质疑关于出生性别的固定概念；这种质疑对他们的工作有多重要；这些先验的见解在什么方面可以在当前扩大对出生性别的理解？

Childbirth has long been held as the exclusive power, or burden, of women. Recent developments in reproductive technologies and the reality of trans male and intersex parturitions, however, demand a re-examination of the relationship between birth and gender identity. Building on an increased questioning of this relationship in literary and psychoanalytic criticism, my research contributes an original historical foundation to these important debates. Specifically, I examine the integral contribution of Freudian psychoanalysis and Futurist literature to modernist reproductive discourse, explicating how their work complicates the gender of birth, and how these modernist debates offer a crucial historic precedent tocurrent discourse. My research asks: to what extent do Freud and the Futurist question fixed notions of birth's gender; how central is this questioning to their work; and in what ways can these antecedent insights expand understandings of birth's gender in the current moment?