Consumer and environmental microbiome effects of domestic probiotic cleaning products

据报道，清洁产品中的芽孢杆菌孢子可以在家中干燥的表面上发芽，产生营养形式的细菌，通过在处理过的表面上竞争排斥来抵消病原体的生长（Caselli et al. 2016）。我们将测试MBCP在家庭环境中应用的程度：i)导致芽孢杆菌在家中持续定植。ii)改变应用表面的微生物群。iii)通过直接接触（厨房表面）或空气传播途径传染给消费者。iv)通过直接接触或通过定植表面修饰人体（皮肤）微生物组。目的和目的：1)研究微生物在MBCP内对生活硬表面材料的定殖。这将包括评估孢子数量、生存能力、表面定植和在模拟家庭环境中反复应用MBCP对表面的持久性。这将使用高通量扩增子测序，qPCR和细菌培养的组合来完成。2)评估使用MBPC时国内表面微生物组的变化程度，包括观察到的任何变化的持续时间及其可逆性。微生物组分析将通过高通量扩增子测序完成。将包括单叠氮丙啶处理，以区分来自活菌和非活菌的DNA （Marotz等人，2018；Ni等人，2019；Sielaff等人，2019）。3)调查MBCP内孢子转移到厨房使用者的可能性。在受控的实验室环境中使用厨房表面材料样品进行测试。4)使用(3)中生成的数据设计并开展一项人体志愿者研究，研究直接（在部署期间）和间接（在食物制备期间）接触MBPC对皮肤微生物组的影响。5)利用(2)和(4)生成的数据建立共生网络模型，研究mbcp对微生物群落结构的影响。这些将使用指数随机图模型框架进行分析（Lusher et al . 2013）。这些模型可以深入了解微生物组的稳定性和生态动态（DeVries et al. 2018）。

It has been reported that spores of Bacillus spp. delivered in cleaning products can germinate on dry surfaces in the home, generating vegetative forms of bacteria, which can counteract the growth of pathogens by competitive exclusion on treated surfaces (Caselli et al. 2016). We will test to what extent MBCP application in domestic settings could: i) Lead to persistent Bacillus colonisation of the home. ii) Alter the microbiota of the application surfaces. iii) Transfer to consumers via direct contact (kitchen surfaces) or the airborne route. iv) Modify the human (skin) microbiome through direct contact or via colonised surfaces.Aim and Objectives: 1) To investigate the colonisation of domestic hard surface materials by microorganisms within MBCP. This will include an assessment of spore numbers, viability, surface colonisation and persistence in a simulated domestic environment during repeated application of MBCP to surfaces. This will be done using a combination of high throughput amplicon sequencing, qPCR and bacterial culture. 2) To evaluate the extent of the change in the domestic surface microbiome when using MBPC, including the duration of any observed changes, and their reversibility. Microbiome analyses will be done by high throughput amplicon sequencing. Propidium monoazide treatment will be included to differentiate between DNA derived from viable and non-viable bacteria (Marotz et al., 2018; Ni et al., 2019; Sielaff et al., 2019). 3) To investigate the potential for spores within MBCP to transfer to kitchen users. To be done using samples of kitchen surface materials within a controlled laboratory environment. 4) To use data generated in (3) to design and conduct a human volunteer study of the skin microbiome effects of both direct (during deployment) and indirect (during food preparation) contact with MBPC. 5) To use data generated in (2) and (4) to create co-occurrence network models, the impact of MBCPs on microbial community structure. These will be analysed using an exponential random graph model framework (Lusher et al 2013). Such models can be insightful into the stability and ecological dynamics of microbiomes (DeVries et al. 2018).