Novel Catalases and their Products

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的长期目标是阐明序列和结构与过氧化氢酶相关的一组新蛋白质的作用，并定义其反应和新产物的生物化学和化学。过氧化氢酶因其在所有需氧生物的氧化防御中的关键作用而闻名。人们可以预期这些新的过氧化氢酶亲属与潜在的氧化代谢和/或在天然过氧化物的处置中起作用的选择性反应。该建议的原型酶是丙二烯氧化物合酶，一种催化细胞色素P450型反应的酶，但与过氧化氢酶具有明显的序列同源性。在目标1中，一个新的可用的X射线晶体结构的过氧化氢酶相关的AOS将被用来揭示催化的机理基础和比较和对比与人类过氧化氢酶。我们的目标是提供一个理解的能力，催化过氧化氢酶折叠内的P450型化学。目标2将集中于分析其他新的候选酶的催化活性，这些候选酶具有相似的序列特征，定义为过氧化氢酶的血红素结合特征保留在仅约40 kD的异常短的多肽内。这些酶存在于生物体中，包括具有重要致病性的细菌和对世界粮食供应构成重大威胁的作物枯萎病真菌。丙二烯氧化物在生物技术中具有重要意义，其环戊烯酮衍生物也因其有效的抗肿瘤作用而被研究。目标3将寻求建立天然丙二烯氧化物的结构和精确的立体化学，特别是与其环化反应相关的结构问题。这对于理解丙二烯氧化物合酶反应的性质以及环戊烯酮合成的化学性质具有根本的意义。这项研究的结果将提供新的见解和一种新的思考方式，即长期公认的蛋白质家族的酶促能力，该蛋白质家族在氧化防御的最前沿具有确定的哨兵作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this application is to elucidate the roles of a novel group of proteins related in sequence and structure to catalase and to define the biochemistry and chemistry of their reactions and novel products. Catalase is renowned for its key role in the oxidative defense of all aerobic organisms. One can anticipate selective reactions of these new catalase relatives with potential oxidative metabolism and/or functioning in the disposition of natural peroxides. The prototypical enzyme of this proposal is an allene oxide synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes a cytochrome P450-type of reaction yet which exhibits distinct sequence homology to catalase. In Aim 1, a newly available X-ray crystal structure of the catalase-related AOS will be used to reveal the mechanistic basis of catalysis and the comparisons and contrasts with human catalase. The goal is to provide an understanding of the ability to catalyze P450-type chemistry within the catalase fold. Aim 2 will focus on analysis of the catalytic activities of other novel enzyme candidates that have similar sequence characteristics defined as retention of the heme-binding features of a catalase within an unusually short polypeptide for catalases of only ~40kD. These enzymes occur in organisms that include bacteria of importance for their pathogenicity and a crop blight fungus characterized as a major threat to the world's food supply. Allene oxides are of major importance in biotechnology and their cyclopentenone derivatives are also studied for their potent antineoplastic effects. Aim 3 will seek to establish the structure and precise stereochemistry of natural allene oxides and especially structural issues pertinent to their cyclizations. This is of fundamental interest in understanding the nature of allene oxide synthase reactions as well as the chemistry of cyclopentenone synthesis. The results of this study will provide new insights and a new way of thinking about the enzymatic capabilities of a long-recognized protein family with established roles as a sentinel at the forefront of oxidative defense.